Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and contributes to global morbidity and mortality mediated via the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular (CVD) and other diseases. It is a consequence of an elevated caloric intake, a sedentary lifestyle and a genetic as well as an epigenetic predisposition. This review summarizes changes in DNA methylation and microRNAs identified in blood cells and different tissues in obese human and rodent models. It includes information on epigenetic alterations which occur in response to fat-enriched diets, exercise and metabolic surgery and discusses the potential of interventions to reverse epigenetic modifications.

肥胖症是一种全球流行病，并通过非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD），2型糖尿病（T2D），心血管疾病（CVD）和其他疾病的发展而介导的全球发病率和死亡率。这是热量摄入增加，久坐不动的生活方式以及遗传和表观遗传易感性的结果。这篇综述总结了肥胖人和啮齿动物模型中血细胞和不同组织中鉴定出的DNA甲基化和微小RNA的变化。它包括有关表观遗传变化的信息，这些表观遗传响应于富含脂肪的饮食，运动和代谢手术而发生，并讨论了逆转表观遗传修饰的干预措施的潜力。