Abstract The Tahiti monarch is a critically endangered bird species endemic to the island of Tahiti. In 1998, when a conservation program started, its range was restricted to four valleys, with 19 birds living in accessible lower valleys. In one of these valleys, a remote population located upstream of a series of waterfalls was present but, was first protected only in 2009. The first conservation actions focused on rat control alone and this probably save the species from imminent extinction. However, the accessible population, living in the lower sites, had only increased to 22 birds by 2012 (1 % per annum), part of a global population of just 40 birds. The introduced common myna and red-vented bulbul were identified as additional threats to monarch breeding success. With the help of a network of local inhabitants living near the valley entrance, 8475 mynas and 17859 bulbuls were eliminated in seven years. This study shows that the overall nest and fledging survival was increased by bird control, reduced by heavy rain but not substantially changed by increases in the level of rat control. During this period, the total Tahiti monarch population increased from 40 adults to 79 in 2018, (12 % per annum). Our results illustrate the necessity to control several threats together in order to recover island birds with low productivity. Conservationists need to consider that several other island birds, with low productivity, may need multi invasive control to recover.

中文翻译：

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控制老鼠和入侵鸟类以拯救极度濒危的岛屿鸟类大溪地君主 (Pomarea nigra)

摘要 大溪地帝王蝶是大溪地岛特有的一种极度濒危的鸟类。1998 年，当一项保护计划开始时，它的活动范围仅限于四个山谷，有 19 只鸟类生活在可到达的较低山谷中。在其中一个山谷中，存在着位于一系列瀑布上游的偏远种群，但直到 2009 年才首次受到保护。第一次保护行动仅侧重于控制老鼠，这可能使该物种免于濒临灭绝。然而，到 2012 年，生活在较低地点的可及鸟类仅增加到 22 只（每年 1%），是全球仅有 40 只鸟类的一部分。引入的普通八哥和红尾鹎被确定为对君主繁殖成功的额外威胁。在居住在山谷入口附近的当地居民网络的帮助下，7 年内消灭了 8475 只八哥和 17859 只鹎。该研究表明，鸟类控制提高了整体巢穴和雏鸟的存活率，大雨降低了，但大鼠控制水平的提高没有显着改变。在此期间，大溪地君主总人口从 40 名成年人增加到 2018 年的 79 名（每年 12%）。我们的结果说明有必要同时控制多种威胁，以恢复生产力低下的岛屿鸟类。保护主义者需要考虑到其他几种生产力低下的岛屿鸟类可能需要多侵入性控制才能恢复。因大雨而减少，但不会因老鼠控制水平的提高而发生实质性变化。在此期间，大溪地君主总人口从 40 名成年人增加到 2018 年的 79 名（每年 12%）。我们的结果说明有必要同时控制多种威胁，以恢复生产力低下的岛屿鸟类。保护主义者需要考虑其他几种生产力低下的岛屿鸟类可能需要多侵入性控制才能恢复。因大雨而减少，但不会因老鼠控制水平的提高而发生实质性变化。在此期间，大溪地君主总人口从 40 名成年人增加到 2018 年的 79 名（每年 12%）。我们的结果说明有必要同时控制多种威胁，以恢复生产力低下的岛屿鸟类。保护主义者需要考虑到其他几种生产力低下的岛屿鸟类可能需要多侵入性控制才能恢复。