In places where ocean currents cause upwelling, nearshore sea-surface temperatures (SST) are often cooler than nearby offshore waters. In the Arraial do Cabo Bay coast upper Holocene aragonitic vermetids are represented by monospecific clusters of overgrowing Petaloconchus varians occurring in supratidal/intertidal carbonate and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposits. Based on stable isotope composition (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O) of fossil vermetid shells, radiocarbon ages and altimetric survey, the upper Holocene upwelling system of the Cabo Frio area (southeastern Brazil, Rio de Janeiro) is assessed. In the studied region, at 3700 cal. years BP the maximum relative sea level (RSL) was +4.0 m with a SST of 20.7 °C. Subsequently, vermetid-based SST decreased from ~22.8 to ~17 °C (at ~3300 cal. years BP), with the coldest temperatures recording a strong upwelling event at around 2000 cal. years BP when the RSL was at +2 m. The intensification in upwelling water masses is identified by the ¹³C enrichment, along with higher δ¹⁸O, in the vermetid shells. The decreasing SST trend assessed from ~3300 to ~2000 cal. years BP can be related to more frequent South Atlantic Coastal Water intrusions on the surface layer in the mid-shelf, increasing the nutrient concentration in the upper layer. From ~1900 to ~1300 cal. years BP, a higher SST up to ~21 °C occurred during the continuous sea-level fall.

在洋流引起上升的地方，近岸海表温度（SST）通常比附近的近海温度要低。在Arraial do Cabo湾海岸上，全新世的芦荟石ver质以生长在上层/潮间碳酸盐岩和硅质碎屑碳酸盐混合矿床中的Petaloconchus varians的单特异性簇为代表。基于稳定同位素组合物（δ ¹³ C，δ ¹⁸O）化石的准met壳，放射性碳年龄和高空测量，对卡波弗里奥地区（巴西东南部，里约热内卢）的上全新世上升系统进行了评估。在研究区域中，温度为3700卡路里。BP年，最大相对海平面（RSL）为+4.0 m，SST为20.7°C。随后，基于温标的SST从〜22.8降低至〜17°C（在BP〜3300 cal.year时），最冷的温度在2000 cal左右记录了强烈的上升事件。RSL为+2 m时为BP年。在上涌水团的加剧是由标识¹³ Ç丰富，具有较高的δ沿¹⁸O，在浑浊的贝壳中。SST的下降趋势从〜3300到〜2000 cal。BP可能与中大西洋南部陆架中部表层更频繁的入侵有关，从而增加了上层的养分含量。从〜1900到〜1300 cal。BP年，连续海平面下降期间发生了高达21°C的更高的SST。