Abstract Analysis of movement patterns at fine temporal scales may suggest how animals interact with their surrounding habitat. This is particularly useful in determining not only where animals may spend their time, but when and how likely they may be to interact with or utilize specific habitat resources. While previous studies demonstrate various methods seeking to address this concern, most apply for a single individual or a single point pair in a trajectory. However, for practical conservation concerns, information on animal-habitat interactions should be considered at the group level. This paper applies two approaches from movement analysis, the probabilistic voxel-based space-time prism and the comprehensive probability surface, to construct utilization distributions corresponding to specific intervals in time. Utilization distributions are processed towards summary quantification of diel habitat interaction probabilities for multiple individuals. We evaluate this approach using primary tracking data collected from Black skimmers (Rynchops niger cinerascens) traversing Manu National Park, Peru and surrounding areas. Habitat interaction graphs were constructed summarizing animal interaction by habitat type and time of day for all individuals tracked. This information was used to corroborate known black skimmer habitat use behaviors. Habitat interaction results were generally consistent with skimmers’ known foraging patterns for dawn, dusk and overnight hours. Results also raised a noteworthy use pattern for urban areas at dusk and early evening otherwise unobserved. Findings suggest applicability of this approach for cryptic species where direct observation is difficult, but trajectory data are available. Utility of this method for the practical work of conservationists and related researchers is discussed.

中文翻译：

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一种确定亚马逊黑撇油器日常栖息地使用模式的时间地理方法

摘要 精细时间尺度上的运动模式分析可能表明动物如何与其周围的栖息地相互作用。这不仅在确定动物可能会在哪里度过时间，而且在确定它们与特定栖息地资源互动或利用特定栖息地资源的时间和可能性方面特别有用。虽然之前的研究展示了各种寻求解决这一问题的方法，但大多数适用于轨迹中的单个个体或单个点对。然而，出于实际的保护考虑，应在群体层面考虑有关动物与栖息地相互作用的信息。本文采用运动分析中的两种方法，即基于概率体素的时空棱镜和综合概率面，构建对应于特定时间间隔的利用率分布。利用分布被处理以汇总量化多个个体的栖息地相互作用概率。我们使用从穿越秘鲁马努国家公园及周边地区的黑色撇油器（Rynchops niger cinerascens）收集的主要跟踪数据来评估这种方法。构建了栖息地相互作用图，根据栖息地类型和一天中的时间对所有跟踪的个体总结动物相互作用。该信息用于证实已知的黑色撇渣器栖息地使用行为。栖息地相互作用的结果通常与撇渣器已知的黎明、黄昏和夜间觅食模式一致。结果还提出了一个值得注意的城市地区在黄昏和傍晚的使用模式，否则无法观察到。研究结果表明，这种方法适用于难以直接观察但轨迹数据可用的隐秘物种。讨论了这种方法在保护主义者和相关研究人员的实际工作中的实用性。