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Time-transgressive Holocene maximum of temperate and Mediterranean forest development across the Iberian Peninsula reflects orbital forcing
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109739
S.D. Gomes , W.J. Fletcher , T. Rodrigues , A. Stone , F. Abrantes , F. Naughton

Abstract We describe a new pollen and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) record with sub-centennial to centennial resolution from a well-dated sediment core (D13882) obtained from the Atlantic margin of the southwest Iberian Peninsula. The core provides new insights into the dynamics of five ecological pollen-based groups (temperate forests, Mediterranean forests, pinewoods, heathlands and steppe) since the Late Pleistocene (last 13,260 cal yr BP). The record shows that the Early Holocene was marked by an increase of temperate and Mediterranean taxa, accompanied by a reduction of steppic plants, reflecting warm and relatively moist conditions when compared with the previous Younger Dryas episode. The timing of this Temperate and Mediterranean Forest (TMF) maximum which reflects optimum conditions of temperature and precipitation is regionally specific, as detected through a comparison of three marine cores across the Iberian Peninsula. Maximum TMF development occurs between 9760 and 7360 cal yr BP in D13882 whereas at a site to the northwest (MD03-2697), the maximum occurs some centuries earlier, and at a southeast site (MD95-2043), the maximum is evident later. The duration of the forest maximum is also progressively longer from northwest to southwest to southeast. A transition from forested ecosystems to heathland over western Iberia characterises the Middle Holocene, starting from around 7360 cal yr BP in D13882, suggesting reduced seasonality and a more Atlantic climate character with more moisture evenly available through the year. This contrasts with the aridity recorded in southeast Iberian sites and reflects a stable precipitation gradient between the wetter west and drier east of the Iberian Peninsula. Against this backdrop, pinewoods had a continuous presence, albeit with a trend of steady decline through the Holocene. The time-transgressive pattern in the TMF maximum is best explained by a less favourable moisture balance in the drier southeast sector, which was particularly important during the Early Holocene. Despite the relatively short duration of the Holocene interglacial (one half precession cycle), our observations support a key role for orbital forcing in the temporal expression of major vegetation groups, specifically the decline in summer insolation and the precession-related passage of perihelion season from summer to winter.

中文翻译:

跨越伊比利亚半岛的温带和地中海森林发展的时间跨度全新世最大值反映了轨道强迫

摘要我们描述了一个新的花粉和海面温度 (SST) 记录,从伊比利亚半岛西南部大西洋边缘获得的一个年代久远的沉积物核心 (D13882) 中获得了亚百年到百年的分辨率。该核心提供了对自晚更新世(过去 13,260 cal yr BP)以来五个以花粉为基础的生态群(温带森林、地中海森林、松林、荒地和草原)的动态的新见解。记录显示,与之前的新仙女木期相比,全新世早期的特点是温带和地中海类群增加,同时草原植物减少,反映出温暖和相对潮湿的条件。反映最佳温度和降水条件的温带和地中海森林 (TMF) 最大值出现的时间因地区而异,通过比较整个伊比利亚半岛的三个海洋核心发现的。最大的 TMF 发展发生在 D13882 的 9760 和 7360 cal yr BP 之间,而在西北部 (MD03-2697) 的一个地点,最大值发生在几个世纪之前,而在东南部地点 (MD95-2043),最大值在后来很明显。森林最大值的持续时间也从西北到西南到东南逐渐变长。从森林生态系统到西伊比利亚荒地的过渡是中全新世的特征,从 D13882 的大约 7360 cal yr BP 开始,这表明季节性减少,更具大西洋气候特征,全年均匀可用的水分更多。这与伊比利亚东南部地区记录的干旱形成对比,反映了伊比利亚半岛西部较潮湿和东部较干燥之间的稳定降水梯度。在此背景下,松木一直存在,尽管在全新世期间呈稳步下降趋势。TMF 最大值的时间海侵模式最好用干燥的东南部地区不太有利的水分平衡来解释,这在全新世早期尤为重要。尽管全新世间冰期的持续时间相对较短(半岁差周期),但我们的观察支持轨道强迫在主要植被群的时间表达中的关键作用,特别是夏季日照的减少和近日点季节的岁差相关的通过夏天到冬天。在此背景下,松木一直存在,尽管在全新世期间呈稳步下降趋势。TMF 最大值的时间海侵模式最好用干燥的东南部地区不太有利的水分平衡来解释,这在全新世早期尤为重要。尽管全新世间冰期的持续时间相对较短(半岁差周期),但我们的观察支持轨道强迫在主要植被群的时间表达中的关键作用,特别是夏季日照的减少和近日点季节的岁差相关通过夏天到冬天。在此背景下,松木一直存在,尽管在全新世期间呈稳步下降趋势。TMF 最大值的时间海侵模式最好用干燥的东南部地区不太有利的水分平衡来解释,这在全新世早期尤为重要。尽管全新世间冰期的持续时间相对较短(半岁差周期),但我们的观察支持轨道强迫在主要植被群的时间表达中的关键作用,特别是夏季日照的减少和近日点季节的岁差相关的通过夏天到冬天。TMF 最大值的时间海侵模式最好用干燥的东南部地区不太有利的水分平衡来解释,这在全新世早期尤为重要。尽管全新世间冰期的持续时间相对较短(半岁差周期),但我们的观察支持轨道强迫在主要植被群的时间表达中的关键作用,特别是夏季日照的减少和近日点季节的岁差相关的通过夏天到冬天。TMF 最大值的时间海侵模式最好用干燥的东南部地区不太有利的水分平衡来解释,这在全新世早期尤为重要。尽管全新世间冰期的持续时间相对较短(半岁差周期),但我们的观察支持轨道强迫在主要植被群的时间表达中的关键作用,特别是夏季日照的减少和近日点季节的岁差相关的通过夏天到冬天。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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