Anaerobic bacteremia (AB) is usually detected in about 0.5–13% of positive blood cultures. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of anaerobic bacteremia over a 5-year period (2013–2017), to identify current trends at our University Hospital and to compare the results to those in a similar study (2005–2009) in the same region. During the study period, an average of 23,274 ± 2,756 blood cultures were received per year. Out of the positive blood cultures, 3.3–3.6% (n = 423) yielded anaerobic bacteria, representing 3.5–3.8 anaerobic isolates/1000 blood culture bottles (including both aerobic and anaerobic bottles) per year for hospitalized patients. Mean age of affected patients was 70–73 years (range: 18–102 years) with a male-to-female ratio: 0.60. Most isolated anaerobes were Cutibacterium spp. (54.0 ± 8.5%; n = 247), while among anaerobes other than Cutibacterium spp., Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and Clostridium spp. were the most prevalent. Blood culture time-to-positivity (TTP) for clinically relevant bacteria was 31.4 ± 23.4 h, while for Cutibacterium spp., TTP values were 112.9 ± 37.2 h (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the prevalence of anaerobic bacteremia should be determined on institutional basis.

通常在约0.5–13％的阳性血液培养物中检测到厌氧菌血症（AB）。这项研究的目的是确定5年期间（2013-2017年）的厌氧菌血症患病率，确定大学医院当前的趋势，并将结果与​​同类研究（2005-2009年）中的结果进行比较。同一地区。在研究期间，每年平均接受23274±2756次血液培养。在阳性血液培养物中，有3.3-3.6％（n = 423）产生厌氧菌，代表住院患者每年需要3.5-3.8个厌氧菌分离株/ 1000个血培养瓶（包括有氧和无氧瓶）。受影响患者的平均年龄为70-73岁（范围：18-102岁），男女之比为0.60。大多数分离的厌氧菌是角质杆菌spp。（54.0±8.5％； n = 247），而除角皮属菌，拟杆菌属和准细菌属和梭状芽胞杆菌属以外的厌氧菌中。是最流行的。临床相关细菌的血培养阳性时间（TTP）为31.4±23.4 h，而角皮属菌的TTP值为112.9±37.2 h（p <0.0001）。总之，应根据机构确定厌氧菌血症的患病率。