The characterization and detection of lithium metal plating during standard operation of commercial Li-ion batteries has been a long-term challenge; the nature of lithium metal plating is unpredictable and highly dependent on operating temperature and charge rate. In operando detection of lithium plating is critical for ongoing and future developments of conventional Li-ion batteries, including fast charging capabilities, extreme temperature applications, and lithium metal secondary batteries. In this study, we describe the use of acoustic ultrasound to detect lithium metal plating on commercial graphite anodes within a standard form factor. Extending from previous work on ultrasound as a battery diagnostic tool, this proof-of-concept study delineates statistically significant linear relationships between ultrasonic time-of-flight and graphite staging, and acoustic time-of-flight and post mortem electrochemical measurements to characterize the extent of lithium metal plating.

商用锂离子电池标准运行过程中锂金属镀层的表征和检测一直是一项长期挑战。锂金属镀层的性质不可预测，并且高度取决于工作温度和充电速率。操作中锂电镀的检测对于常规锂离子电池的持续和未来发展至关重要，包括快速充电功能，极端温度应用和锂金属二次电池。在这项研究中，我们描述了使用超声波在标准尺寸范围内检测商用石墨阳极上的锂金属镀层的方法。从先前作为电池诊断工具的超声研究的基础上扩展，此概念验证研究描绘了超声飞行时间和石墨分级以及声飞行时间和验尸电化学测量之间的统计学显着线性关系，以表征锂金属电镀的程度。