The Detoxification Efflux carriers (DTX)/Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) transporters encompass an ancient gene family of secondary transporters involved in the process of plant detoxification. A genome-wide analysis of these transporters was carried out in order to better understand the transport of secondary metabolites in flaxseed genome (Linum usitassimum). A total of 73 genes coding for DTX/MATE transporters were identified. Gene structure, protein domain, and motif organization were found to be notably conserved over the distinct phylogenetic groups, showing the evolutionary significant role of each class. GO annotation revealed a link to transporter activities, response to stimulus and localizations. Presence of various hormone and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements in promoter regions could be directly correlated with the alteration of their transcripts. Tertiary structure showed conservation for pore size and constrains in the pore, which indicate their involvement in the exclusion of toxic substances from the cell. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that LuDTXs genes were targeted by different classes of miRNA families. Twelve LuDTX genes were chosen for further quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in response to cold, salinity, and cadmium stress at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours after treatment. Altogether, the identified members of the DTX gene family, their expression profile, phylogenetic and miRNAs analysis might provide opportunities for future functional validation of this important gene family in flax. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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亚麻非生物胁迫下解毒外排载体（DTX）基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达分析

解毒外排载体 (DTX)/多药和有毒化合物挤出 (MATE) 转运蛋白包含参与植物解毒过程的二级转运蛋白的古老基因家族。对这些转运蛋白进行了全基因组分析，以更好地了解亚麻籽基因组 (Linum usitassimum) 中次生代谢物的转运。共鉴定了 73 个编码 DTX/MATE 转运蛋白的基因。发现基因结构、蛋白质结构域和基序组织在不同的系统发育群体中显着保守，显示了每个类别的进化重要作用。GO 注释揭示了与转运蛋白活动、对刺激的反应和定位之间的联系。启动子区域中各种激素和应激反应顺式调节元件的存在可能与其转录物的改变直接相关。三级结构显示出孔隙大小的保守性和孔隙中的约束，这表明它们参与从细胞中排除有毒物质。MicroRNA 靶标分析显示 LuDTXs 基因被不同类别的 miRNA 家族靶向。在处理后 0、6、12 和 24 小时，选择 12 个 LuDTX 基因进行进一步定量实时聚合酶链反应分析，以响应寒冷、盐度和镉胁迫。总而言之，已鉴定的 DTX 基因家族成员、它们的表达谱、系统发育和 miRNA 分析可能为未来亚麻中这一重要基因家族的功能验证提供机会。本文受版权保护。版权所有。