Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of primary bone cancer that is considered as the leading cause of children death. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered as common treatment approaches for OS; the rate of survival for patients is almost 60–70%. Besides the used therapeutic approaches, it seems that there is a crucial need to launch new treatments for OS. In this regard, more understanding about cellular and molecular pathways involved in OS can contribute to recovery and develop new therapeutic platforms. Autophagy is a cellular machinery that digests and degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles, so it can regulate the cell proliferation and survival. Most of the time, OS cells use autophagy to increase their survival and proliferation and to gain the ability to resist chemotherapy. Although, there are several controversial evidences on how OS cells use autophagy. A variety of cellular and molecular pathways, that is, microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate autophagy. MiRNAs are some endogenous, approximately 22 nucleotide RNAs that have an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of mRNAs by targeting them. There are many evidences that the various miRNA expressions in OS cells are dysregulated, so it can propel a normal cell to cancerous one by influencing the cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy, and eventually increased chemoresitance. Hence, miRNAs can be considered as new biomarkers for OS diagnosis, and according to the role of autophagy in OS progression, miRNAs can use inhibiting or promoting autophagy agents. The present review summarizes the effects of aberrant expression of miRNAs in OS diagnosis and treatment with focus on their roles in autophagy.

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microRNA 对自噬的调节：骨肉瘤治疗的新见解

骨肉瘤（OS）是一种原发性骨癌，被认为是儿童死亡的主要原因。手术和化疗被认为是 OS 的常用治疗方法；患者的存活率接近 60-70%。除了使用的治疗方法外，似乎迫切需要为 OS 推出新的治疗方法。在这方面，更多地了解 OS 中涉及的细胞和分子途径有助于恢复和开发新的治疗平台。自噬是一种消化和降解功能失调的蛋白质和细胞器的细胞机器，因此它可以调节细胞增殖和存活。大多数情况下，OS 细胞使用自噬来增加它们的存活和增殖，并获得抵抗化疗的能力。虽然，关于 OS 细胞如何使用自噬有几个有争议的证据。多种细胞和分子途径，即微小RNA（miRNA）可以调节自噬。MiRNA 是一些内源性的、大约 22 个核苷酸的 RNA，它们通过靶向 mRNA 在 mRNA 的转录后调控中发挥重要作用。有很多证据表明OS细胞中各种miRNA的表达失调，因此它可以通过影响细胞存活、凋亡和自噬，最终增加化学抗性，将正常细胞推向癌变。因此，miRNA可以被认为是OS诊断的新生物标志物，并且根据自噬在OS进展中的作用，miRNA可以使用抑制或促进自噬的药物。