One popular view of Venus' climate history describes a world that has spent much of its life with surface liquid water, plate tectonics, and a stable temperate climate. Part of the basis for this optimistic scenario is the high deuterium to hydrogen ratio from the Pioneer Venus mission that was interpreted to imply Venus had a shallow ocean's worth of water throughout much of its history. Another view is that Venus had a long‐lived (∼100 million years) primordial magma ocean with a CO₂ and steam atmosphere. Venus' long‐lived steam atmosphere would sufficient time to dissociate most of the water vapor, allow significant hydrogen escape, and oxidize the magma ocean. A third scenario is that Venus had surface water and habitable conditions early in its history for a short period of time (<1 Gyr), but that a moist/runaway greenhouse took effect because of a gradually warming Sun, leaving the planet desiccated ever since. Using a general circulation model, we demonstrate the viability of the first scenario using the few observational constraints available. We further speculate that large igneous provinces and the global resurfacing hundreds of millions of years ago played key roles in ending the clement period in its history and presenting the Venus we see today. The results have implications for what astronomers term “the habitable zone,” and if Venus‐like exoplanets exist with clement conditions akin to modern Earth, we propose to place them in what we term the “optimistic Venus zone.”

中文翻译：

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金星的宜居气候方案：通过时间建模金星，并将其应用于缓慢旋转的像金星一样的系外行星

关于维纳斯气候历史的一种流行观点描述了一个世界，这个世界的大部分时间都生活在地表液态水，板块构造和稳定的温带气候中。这种乐观情景的部分原因是，先驱金星的氘与氢之比很高，这被解释为金星在其大部分历史中都拥有浅水。另一种观点认为，金星有一个长寿（约一亿年）的原始岩浆海洋，带有CO ₂和蒸汽气氛。金星的长期蒸汽气氛将有足够的时间分解大部分水蒸气，使大量氢逸出并氧化岩浆海洋。第三种情况是，金星在其历史的早期很短时间内（<1 Gyr）就具有地表水和宜居条件，但是由于太阳逐渐变暖，潮湿/失控的温室开始起作用，自那以后地球就被干燥了。 。使用一般的循环模型，我们使用少数可用的观察性约束论证了第一种情况的可行性。我们进一步推测，火成的大省和亿万年前的全球重塑在结束其历史的克莱门特时期和呈现我们今天看到的金星方面起着关键作用。