Blood vessels serve as a versatile transport system and play crucial roles in organ development, regeneration, and stem cell behavior. In the skeletal system, certain capillaries support perivascular stem cells or osteoprogenitor cells and thereby regulate bone formation. Recent studies reported that a specialized capillary subtype, termed type H vessels, is shown to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis in rodents and humans. They can be distinguished by specific cell surface markers, as the endothelial cells in the metaphysis and endosteum highly express the junctional protein CD31 and the sialoglycoprotein endomucin. Here, we provide an overview of the role of type H vessels in bone homeostasis and summarize their linkage with various cytokines to control bone cell behavior and bone formation. We also discuss the potential clinical application for bone disorders by targeting these specific vessels according to their physiological and pathobiological settings.

中文翻译：

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独特的骨髓血管在骨稳态和疾病中耦合血管生成和成骨

血管作为一种多功能运输系统，在器官发育、再生和干细胞行为中起着至关重要的作用。在骨骼系统中，某些毛细血管支持血管周围干细胞或骨祖细胞，从而调节骨形成。最近的研究报告称，一种特殊的毛细血管亚型，称为 H 型血管，被证明可以在啮齿动物和人类中结合血管生成和成骨。它们可以通过特定的细胞表面标志物来区分，因为干骺端和骨内膜中的内皮细胞高度表达连接蛋白 CD31 和唾液酸糖蛋白内粘蛋白。在这里，我们概述了 H 型血管在骨稳态中的作用，并总结了它们与各种细胞因子的联系，以控制骨细胞行为和骨形成。