Synthesis and Characterization of Gelled High‐Density Fuels with Low‐Molecular Mass Gellant,Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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Synthesis and Characterization of Gelled High‐Density Fuels with Low‐Molecular Mass Gellant
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900397
Jinwen Cao _{1,

2} , Yong‐Chao Zhang _{1,

2} , Lun Pan _{1,

2} , Chengxiang Shi _{1,

2} , Xiangwen Zhang _{1,

2} , Ji‐Jun Zou _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The demand for high performance and safer fuels has led to an ever increasing interest on gelled fuels. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of gelled high‐density fuels with low‐molecular mass gellants (LMMGs). This LMMG is synthesized simply by one step reaction and shows excellent gelling ability with the critical gellant concentration less than 1 %. Scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that LMMGs self‐assemble into fibrous structures and create a 3D network structure by crosslink of these fibers, which constructs the basic network of gel. The basic physical and thermal properties of gelled fuels such as gel transition temperature (T_G ), density, centrifugal stability and heat of combustion were investigated. Thermal characterizations reveal that the gels are thermally reversible and the T_G increases with the concentration of gellant. Physical stability determined by the ratio of gel‐liquid separation under high speed centrifugation shows that gelled quadricyclane (QC) and exo‐tetrahydrotricyclopentadiene (HDF−T1) exhibit good physical stability. Rheological measurements show that the gels are shear‐thinning and the viscosity increases with an increasing amount of gellant. The viscosity of gelled QC is the highest among four gelled fuels, followed by gelled HDF−T1. The strain sweep tests and frequency‐sweep tests show that gelled QC also has superior mechanical strength while the gelled kerosene (RP‐3) has the lowest strength. Gel with higher strength has a higher viscosity and better physical stability due to a more stable internal structure and stronger resistance to deformation.

中文翻译：

低分子质量胶凝剂胶凝高密度燃料的合成与表征

对高性能和更安全燃料的需求导致对胶凝燃料的兴趣日益增加。在这里，我们报道了具有低分子质量胶凝剂（LMMG）的胶凝高密度燃料的合成和表征。该LMMG仅通过一步反应即可合成，并且在临界胶凝剂浓度小于1％时显示出优异的胶凝能力。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，LMMGs自组装成纤维结构，并通过这些纤维的交联形成3D网络结构，从而构成了凝胶的基本网络。胶凝燃料的基本物理和热学性质，例如凝胶转变温度（T _G ），密度，离心稳定性和燃烧热。热表征表明，凝胶是热可逆的，并且T _G 随着胶凝剂的浓度而增加。高速离心下由凝胶-液体分离的比例确定的物理稳定性表明，凝胶化的四环烷（QC）和exo四氢三环戊二烯（HDF-T1）具有良好的物理稳定性。流变学测量表明，凝胶具有剪切稀化作用，并且粘度随着胶凝剂含量的增加而增加。QC的粘度在四种胶凝燃料中最高，其次是HDF-T1胶凝。应变扫描测试和频率扫描测试表明，胶凝的QC也具有优异的机械强度，而胶凝的煤油（RP-3）的强度最低。具有更高强度的凝胶由于内部结构更稳定，抗变形能力更强，因此具有更高的粘度和更好的物理稳定性。

更新日期：2020-03-27

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