To enhance the gas–liquid mass transfer in the hydroformylation reaction, microbubbles were applied into this typical gas–liquid reaction. Compared with a commercial tube microbubble generator, a fractal microbubble distributor, which was designed based on the bionic fractal theory and manufactured via 3D printing, permitted to increase the total microbubble number and decrease the microbubble size. Moreover, the microbubbles were more uniformly distributed in the reactor by the fractal distributor. The gas holdup and the gas–liquid mass transfer were much higher in microbubble system than those with millimeter bubbles. The microbubble status played an important role on the hydroformylation performance. With a close total aldehyde yield (90%), the introduction of microbubbles could reduce the hydroformylation reaction time from 120 min of the stirred batch reactor to 60 min owing to the enhanced mass transfer. The proposed microbubble mediated system also has great potential for intensifying the other gas–liquid reactions.

中文翻译：

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微泡介质中1-己烯的加氢甲酰化作用增强

为了增强加氢甲酰化反应中的气液传质，将微泡应用于这种典型的气液反应中。与商用管式微气泡发生器相比，基于仿生形分形理论设计并通过3D打印制造的分形微气泡分配器可以增加总微气泡数并减小微气泡尺寸。而且，微气泡通过分形分布器更均匀地分布在反应器中。微气泡系统中的气体滞留率和气液传质要比毫米气泡系统高得多。微泡状态对加氢甲酰化性能起重要作用。醛的总收率接近（90％），由于提高了传质，引入微泡可以将加氢甲酰化反应时间从搅拌的间歇反应器的120分钟减少到60分钟。拟议中的微泡介导系统还具有增强其他气液反应的巨大潜力。