A multi-proxy study using mineral magnetism, sediment texture, total organic content, palynofacies and diatoms was conducted in one of the highest proglacial lake situated at North Pulu (5098 m a.s.l.) of Ladakh sector of NW Himalaya – a high-altitude cold arid desert. This study presents climatic variations that occurred between 5412 and 419 cal. yr BP (14C AMS chronology). Directly recharged by meltwater from Khardung glacier, this proglacial lake provides a complete record of past climatic variability due to continuous sedimentation and this attribute makes it an exceptionally important geochronological archive for climatic studies. This first high-resolution palaeolimnology record from Karakoram Himalayas shows intermittent warm and cold periods in which the cold events are short but sudden events recorded at 5700, 4600, 4400, 4200, 3800, 3500, 3000, 1800–1700, 1200, 910, 840 and 770–710 cal. yr BP. Between 5412 and 4840 cal. yr BP, an oxic lake condition existed with freeze–thaw action, prominent weathering, more sediment generation and less organic productivity. The following period till 4410 cal. yr BP was cold and dry, a transition phase to the next warmer phase. Between 4410 and 2064 cal. yr BP, climate ameliorated to somewhat moderate warm climate and relatively high lake levels. Glacial melting due to a warm climate resulted in high TOC%, and well-preserved OM indicating reducing conditions in the lake system. From 2064 to 1711 cal. yr BP cold conditions and from 1272 to 1182 cal. yr BP warmer conditions are seen with large appearance in Amphora ovalis indicating increased nutrients input and moderate water levels. This was followed by warmer climatic conditions between 1182 and 958 cal. yr BP. LIA in the region is experienced between 958 and 644 cal. yr BP with anoxic condition. Between 644 and 419 cal. yr BP, climatic condition was again warmer comparatively. However, this warming was not so severe and only had a regional impact.

中文翻译：

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印度跨喜马拉雅拉达克山脉冰川湖的晚全新世气候记录

一项使用矿物磁性、沉积物质地、总有机物含量、孢粉相和硅藻的多代理研究是在位于喜马拉雅西北部拉达克地区北普鲁（5098 米）的最高冰川湖之一进行的——高海拔寒冷干旱地区沙漠。本研究介绍了发生在 5412 和 419 卡路里之间的气候变化。年 BP（14C AMS 年表）。这个前冰湖由 Khardung 冰川的融水直接补给，由于连续沉积，它提供了过去气候变化的完整记录，这一属性使其成为气候研究的一个非常重要的地质年代档案。来自喀喇昆仑喜马拉雅山的第一个高分辨率古湖水学记录显示了间歇性温暖和寒冷时期，其中寒冷事件是短暂的，但在 5700、4600、4400、4200、3800、3500、3000、1800–1700、1200、910、840 和 770–710 卡路里。年 BP。介于 5412 和 4840 卡路里之间。yr BP，存在冻融作用、显着风化、沉积物生成较多且有机生产力较低的含氧湖条件。接下来的时间直到 4410 cal。年 BP 寒冷干燥，是向下一个温暖阶段的过渡阶段。在 4410 和 2064 卡路里之间。年 BP，气候改善为温和的温暖气候和相对较高的湖泊水位。由于温暖气候导致冰川融化导致高 TOC% 和保存完好的 OM 表明湖泊系统中的条件减少。从 2064 到 1711 cal。年 BP 寒冷条件和从 1272 到 1182 cal。年 BP 温度升高，在 Amphora 椭圆形中出现较大的外观，表明养分输入增加和水位适中。随后是 1182 至 958 卡路里的温暖气候条件。年 BP。该地区的 LIA 介于 958 和 644 卡路里之间。年血压与缺氧条件。介于 644 和 419 卡路里之间。年 BP，气候条件再次回暖。然而，这种变暖并没有那么严重，只是对区域产生了影响。