The rise and fall of human cultures are strongly modulated by the strong environmental changes taking place during the Holocene. Here, we use the sedimentological and geochemical records of a core taken in the Arabian Sea, west of Kerala, to identify potential factors that may reflect on-land history of local civilizations, in particular the Harappan culture which appeared and collapsed in the Indus Valley during the early and middle Bronze Age. The 14C record highlights a fourfold increase in sedimentation rate at ~5380 cal. yr BP. The short duration of this event (~220 years) suggests a steep regional increase in erosion at the beginning of the Bronze Age. Factor analysis of downcore changes in geochemistry identified two distinct detrital components dominated by silt and clay, respectively, and a component characteristic of chemical erosion. This interpretation is consistent with sediment mineralogy. Comparison with the known climatic record indicates that increased erosion rate at 5380 cal. yr BP around the Arabian Sea is because of the advent of farming. The development of tillage associated with both wheat and barley crops and animal husbandry was favored by trade between Mesopotamia and India. Human activities, therefore, were the trigger of major changes in the sedimentological and geochemical records at sea at the onset of the Bronze Age.

中文翻译：

---

青铜时代初期阿拉伯海周围农业开始的海洋记录

全新世期间发生的强烈环境变化强烈地调节了人类文化的兴衰。在这里，我们使用在喀拉拉邦西部阿拉伯海采集的岩心的沉积学和地球化学记录来确定可能反映当地文明陆地历史的潜在因素，特别是在印度河流域出现和崩溃的哈拉帕文化在青铜时代早期和中期。14C 记录突出了约 5380 卡路里的沉降速率增加了四倍。年 BP。这一事件的持续时间很短（约 220 年）表明在青铜时代开始时区域侵蚀急剧增加。地球化学下核变化的因子分析确定了两种不同的碎屑成分，分别以粉砂和粘土为主，以及化学侵蚀的成分特征。这种解释与沉积物矿物学一致。与已知气候记录的比较表明，5380 卡路里的侵蚀率增加。年 BP 在阿拉伯海附近是因为农业的出现。与小麦和大麦作物以及畜牧业相关的耕作的发展受到美索不达米亚和印度之间贸易的青睐。因此，人类活动是青铜时代开始时海上沉积学和地球化学记录发生重大变化的触发因素。与小麦和大麦作物以及畜牧业相关的耕作的发展受到美索不达米亚和印度之间贸易的青睐。因此，人类活动是青铜时代开始时海上沉积学和地球化学记录发生重大变化的触发因素。与小麦和大麦作物以及畜牧业相关的耕作的发展受到美索不达米亚和印度之间贸易的青睐。因此，人类活动是青铜时代开始时海上沉积学和地球化学记录发生重大变化的触发因素。