We assessed genetic differentiation and habitat suitability for Homopus areolatus during current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions. The ND4 locus retrieved two monophyletic mtDNA clades with lower diversity in clade 1, in the west, than in clade 2, in the south-east. Clade 1 showed a north–south and clade 2 a west-to-east genetic divergence, and the clades co-occur in the syntaxis zone of the Cape Fold Mountains. The clades occupy distinct niches with limited overlap. Rainfall seasonality contributed most to habitat suitability, with clade 1 being restricted to winter rainfall and clade 2 to all-year rainfall regions. Precipitation variables contributed 90% and 60%, respectively, to habitat suitability of clades 1 and 2, with temperature, particularly mean temperature of the driest quarter, being of greater importance for clade 2 than clade 1. Suitable habitat shrank from the LGM to current conditions, probably due to reduced rainfall in the west and higher temperatures in most regions. We conclude that patterns of genetic divergence are strongly associated with ecological niche divergence of H. areolatus clades. More studies are needed to assess the taxonomic status of clade 1, particularly in view of its shrinking habitat due to climate change and anthropogenic factors.

中文翻译：

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生态位差异对应于鹦鹉喙的乌龟（Heptotus areolatus）（Reptilia：Testudinidae）的遗传分化，在南非流行

我们评估了当前和最后一次冰川最大（LGM）条件下槟榔属的遗传分化和生境适应性。该ND4该基因座在西部的进化枝1中检索到的两个单系mtDNA进化枝比在东南的进化枝2中的多样性低。进化枝1显示为南北向，进化枝2显示为西向东的遗传差异，进化枝同时出现在Cape Fold山的语法区。进化枝占据独特的壁ni，重叠有限。降雨季节对栖息地适应性的影响最大，第1类仅限于冬季降雨，第2类仅限于全年降雨。降水变量分别对进化枝1和2的生境适应性产生了90％和60％的影响，温度，尤其是最干燥季度的平均温度，对于进化枝2而言比进化枝1更为重要。条件，可能是由于西部的降雨减少以及大多数地区的高温造成的。我们得出结论，遗传差异的模式与生态位生态多样性的强相关H. areolatus进化枝。需要进一步研究评估进化枝1的生物分类状况，特别是考虑到由于气候变化和人为因素而使其栖息地缩小。