Land degradation due to change in land use and land cover (LULC) is one of the most serious global environmental problems. Public policies are important drivers of LULC change and play equally important role in promoting sustained land use. An understanding of the policies framed under different socio‐economic and political conditions and its implications helps refining the policies for sustained land use. This paper discusses the policies, legislative and institutional provisions made by the government for LULC resources, its implications with gaps and constraints for further improvement. Both published and unpublished documents – government policies, legislations, and reports; historical documents such as land grant certificates; articles and books were collected, reviewed, and analyzed covering a period of 409 years. The results show that policies and legislation were guided by different goals in different political and socio‐economic contexts, and have led different pathways. Before 1951, they were guided by royal orders with the goal of exploiting free labour, increasing land tax revenues, and gaining favor from influential people in the government resulting expansion of agricultural areas, deforestation, and reclamation of waste land. After 1951, they were focused on the redistribution of agricultural land. Later in the 1980s and 1990s, the policies were emphasized on conservation and the people's participation. Recently, the concept of land use zoning was introduced. It also shows that there are overlapping of roles and responsibilities of institutions and lack of coordination among government agencies. An effective coordination mechanism among intuitions is crucial for sustained land management.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔的土地使用政策：概述

由于土地利用和土地覆被的变化而导致的土地退化（LULC）是最严重的全球环境问题之一。公共政策是土地利用和土地利用变化的重要驱动力，在促进土地的可持续利用方面也起着同等重要的作用。对在不同的社会经济和政治条件下制定的政策及其含义的理解有助于完善土地可持续利用的政策。本文讨论了政府为LULC资源制定的政策，立法和体制规定，以及其存在的差距和进一步改进的制约因素。已发布和未发布的文件-政府政策，法规和报告；历史文件，例如土地授予证书；文章，书籍经过409年的收集，审查和分析。结果表明，政策和立法在不同的政治和社会经济背景下受到不同目标的指导，并具有不同的路径。1951年之前，他们受到皇室命令的指导，目的是剥削自由劳工，增加土地税收，并获得政府有影响力的人的青睐，从而扩大了农业面积，砍伐森林并开垦了荒地。1951年之后，他们专注于农业土地的再分配。在1980年代和1990年代后期，强调保护和人民参与的政策。最近，引入了土地利用分区的概念。它还表明，机构的作用和职责重叠，政府机构之间缺乏协调。