This paper proposes a computationally effective framework for load‐dependent optimal sensor placement in large‐scale civil engineering structures subjected to moving loads. Two common problems are addressed: selection of modes to be monitored and computational effectiveness. Typical sensor placement methods assume that the set of modes to be monitored is known. In practice, determination of such modes of interest is not straightforward. A practical approach is proposed that facilitates the selection of modes in a quasi‐automatic way based on the structural response at the candidate sensor locations to typical operational loads. The criterion used to assess sensor placement is based on Kammer's Effective Independence (EFI). However, in contrast to typical implementations of EFI, which treat the problem as a computationally demanding discrete problem and use greedy optimization, an approach based on convex relaxation is proposed. A notion of sensor density is applied, which converts the original combinatorial problem into a computationally tractable continuous optimization problem. The proposed framework is tested in application to a real tied‐arch railway bridge located in central Poland.

中文翻译：

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凸松弛可有效应对大型结构在移动载荷下的传感器布局优化

本文提出了一种计算有效的框架，用于在承受移动载荷的大型土木工程结构中，根据载荷确定最佳传感器位置。解决了两个常见问题：要监视的模式选择和计算效率。典型的传感器放置方法假定要监视的模式集是已知的。实际上，确定这种感兴趣的模式并不简单。提出了一种实用的方法，该方法可根据候选传感器位置对典型操作负载的结构响应，以准自动方式简化模式选择。用于评估传感器放置的标准基于Kammer的有效独立性（EFI）。但是，与EFI的典型实现方式相比，将该问题视为计算上的要求离散问题并使用贪婪优化，提出了一种基于凸松弛的方法。应用了传感器密度的概念，该概念将原始组合问题转换为可计算处理的连续优化问题。所提议的框架已在位于波兰中部的真正的连拱铁路桥梁上进行了测试。