We developed a stromal cell–derived factor‐1 alpha (SDF‐1α)‐aligned silk fibroin (SF)/three‐dimensional porous bladder acellular matrix graft (3D‐BAMG) composite scaffold for long‐section ventral urethral regeneration and repair in vivo. SDF‐1α‐aligned SF microfiber/3D‐BAMG, aligned SF microfiber/3D‐BAMG, and nonaligned SF microfiber/3D‐BAMG scaffolds were prepared using electrostatic spinning and wet processing. Adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) and bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration was assessed in the SDF‐1α‐loaded scaffolds. Sustained SDF‐1α release in vitro and vivo was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting, respectively. The scaffolds were used to repair a 1.5 × 1 cm² ventral urethral defect in male rabbits in vivo. General observation and retrograde urinary tract contrast assessment were used to examine urethral lumen patency and continuity at 1 and 3 months post‐surgery. Postoperative rehabilitation was evaluated using histological detection. The composite scaffolds sustained SDF‐1α release for over 16 days in vitro. SDF‐1α‐aligned SF nanofiber promoted regeneration of urethral mucosa, submucosal smooth muscles, and microvasculature, increased cellular proliferation, and reduced collagen deposition. SDF‐1α expression was increased in reconstructed urethra at 3 months post‐surgery in SDF‐1α‐aligned SF group. SDF‐1α‐aligned SF microfiber/3D‐BAMG scaffolds may be used to repair and reconstruct long urethral defects because they accelerate urethral regeneration.

中文翻译：

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从丝素蛋白超细纤维中持续释放基质细胞衍生因子-1 α 促进兔尿道重建。

我们开发了一种基质细胞衍生的因子-1α（SDF-1α）排列的丝素蛋白（SF）/三维多孔膀胱脱细胞基质移植物（3D-BAMG）复合支架，用于体内长断面腹侧尿道再生和修复. 使用静电纺丝和湿法加工制备了 SDF-1α 排列的 SF 微纤维/3D-BAMG、排列的 SF 微纤维/3D-BAMG 和非排列的 SF 微纤维/3D-BAMG 支架。在装载 SDF-1α 的支架中评估了脂肪来源的干细胞 (ADSC) 和骨髓基质细胞 (BMSC) 的迁移。分别使用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 和蛋白质印迹分析体外和体内的持续 SDF-1α 释放。支架用于修复一个 1.5 × 1 cm ²体内雄性兔腹侧尿道缺损。在术后 1 个月和 3 个月，采用一般观察和逆行尿路对比评估来检查尿道腔的通畅性和连续性。使用组织学检测评估术后康复。复合支架在体外持续释放 SDF-1α 超过 16 天。SDF-1α排列的SF纳米纤维促进尿道黏膜、黏膜下平滑肌和微血管系统的再生，增加细胞增殖，减少胶原沉积。SDF-1α对齐的SF组在术后3个月重建尿道中的SDF-1α表达增加。SDF-1α对齐的SF超细纤维/3D-BAMG支架可用于修复和重建长尿道缺损，因为它们可加速尿道再生。