PURPOSE Cannabis has been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of several ailments including pain. The benefits of cannabis are mediated largely by cannabinoids, the most prominent of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). As such, THC and/or CBD have been investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of many conditions including neuropathic pain and acute or chronic inflammation. While a plethora of studies have examined the biochemical effects of purified THC and/or CBD, only a few have focused on the effects of full-spectrum cannabis plant extract. Accordingly, studies using purified THC or CBD may not accurately reflect the potential health benefits of full-spectrum cannabis extracts. Indeed, the cannabis plant produces a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other bioactive molecules which are likely to contribute to the different biological effects. The presence of all these bioactive molecules in cannabis extracts has garnered much attention of late especially with regard to their potential role in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis. METHODS Literature review was performed to further understand the effect of clinically used full-spectrum cannabis extract in patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS Herein, the current knowledge about the potential beneficial effects of existing products of full-spectrum cannabis extract in clinical studies involving patients with multiple sclerosis is extensively reviewed. In addition, the possible adverse effects associated with cannabis use is discussed along with how the method of extraction and the delivery mechanisms of different cannabis extracts contribute to the pharmacokinetic and biological effects of full-spectrum cannabis extracts.Herein, the current knowledge about the potential beneficial effects of existing products of full-spectrum cannabis extract in clinical studies involving patients with multiple sclerosis is extensively reviewed. In addition, the possible adverse effects associated with cannabis use is discussed along with how the method of extraction and the delivery mechanisms of different cannabis extracts contribute to the pharmacokinetic and biological effects of full-spectrum cannabis extracts.

中文翻译：

---

配制的全光谱大麻提取物在与多发性硬化症相关的神经性疼痛的治疗中具有抗炎和镇痛作用。

目的大麻在许多文化中已经使用了数千年，用于治疗包括疼痛在内的多种疾病。大麻的好处主要由大麻素介导，其中最突出的是四氢大麻酚（THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）。这样，已经在临床研究中研究了THC和/或CBD以治疗许多病症，包括神经性疼痛和急性或慢性炎症。尽管有大量研究检查了纯化的THC和/或CBD的生化作用，但只有少数研究集中在全光谱大麻植物提取物的作用上。因此，使用纯化的THC或CBD进行的研究可能无法准确反映全光谱大麻提取物的潜在健康益处。的确，大麻植物会产生各种各样的大麻素，萜烯，类黄酮，以及其他可能会导致不同生物学效应的生物活性分子。大麻提取物中所有这些生物活性分子的存在最近引起了很多关注，特别是在它们在治疗与多发性硬化症相关的神经性疼痛中的潜在作用方面。方法进行文献综述以进一步了解临床上使用的全谱大麻提取物对多发性硬化症患者的影响。结果在此，对涉及多发性硬化症患者的临床研究中的全谱大麻提取物现有产品的潜在有益作用的当前知识进行了广泛回顾。此外，讨论了与使用大麻有关的可能的不利影响，以及不同的大麻提取物的提取方法和递送机制如何对全光谱大麻提取物的药代动力学和生物学作用做出了贡献。现有的全光谱大麻提取物产品在涉及多发性硬化症患者的临床研究中得到了广泛的审查。此外，还讨论了与大麻使用有关的可能的不利影响，以及不同大麻提取物的提取方法和递送机制如何促进全光谱大麻提取物的药代动力学和生物学作用。