In 1994, three speleologists discovered the Chauvet–Pont d’Arc Cave, which contains singular thermal marks on walls deep in the cavity. These alterations arose from intense fires, and understanding their characteristics would help archaeologists suggest hypotheses about the function of such activities. In this context, three confined fires were conducted in a former underground quarry to reproduce thermo-alterations similar to those in the Chauvet–Pont d’Arc Cave and extract experimental data. Each fire involved approximately 135 kg of wood, which was continuously supplied by firemen for safety reasons (> 500°C) and burnt in the shape of a tepee 80 cm in diameter for 50 min. This paper presents the validation of a numerical model on this experimentation. The modelling requires coupling between the combustion and wall impact simulations. Thus, a link between the combustion code FireFOAM and the thermo-mechanical code Cast3m was created with Python scripts. The results from the simulation agree with the measurements and the observations. More specifically, the analysis is based on the temperatures, gas and particle concentrations, gas velocities, soot deposition, colour changes at the walls and areas likely to spall. These data were collected from thirty-seven measuring points covering the whole quarry. This validated tool will provide information about the features of the fires that occurred within the Chauvet–Pont d’Arc Cave.

中文翻译：

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开发经密闭火验证的流体-结构耦合：在彩绘洞穴中的应用

1994 年，三位洞穴学家发现了 Chauvet-Pont d'Arc 洞穴，洞穴深处的墙壁上有独特的热痕。这些变化源于强烈的火灾，了解它们的特征将有助于考古学家提出有关此类活动功能的假设。在这种情况下，在以前的地下采石场进行了三场封闭式火灾，以重现类似于 Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave 中的热变化并提取实验数据。每场火灾涉及约 135 公斤木材，出于安全原因（> 500°C）由消防员持续供应，并以直径 80 厘米的圆锥形帐篷形状燃烧 50 分钟。本文介绍了对该实验的数值模型的验证。建模需要在燃烧和壁面撞击模拟之间进行耦合。因此，燃烧代码 FireFOAM 和热机械代码 Cast3m 之间的链接是使用 Python 脚本创建的。模拟结果与测量和观察结果一致。更具体地说，该分析基于温度、气体和颗粒浓度、气体速度、烟灰沉积、壁上的颜色变化和可能剥落的区域。这些数据是从覆盖整个采石场的 37 个测量点收集的。这个经过验证的工具将提供有关 Chauvet–Pont d'Arc Cave 内发生的火灾特征的信息。气体和颗粒浓度、气体速度、烟灰沉积、墙壁和可能剥落的区域的颜色变化。这些数据是从覆盖整个采石场的 37 个测量点收集的。这个经过验证的工具将提供有关 Chauvet–Pont d'Arc Cave 内发生的火灾特征的信息。气体和颗粒浓度、气体速度、烟灰沉积、墙壁和可能剥落的区域的颜色变化。这些数据是从覆盖整个采石场的 37 个测量点收集的。这个经过验证的工具将提供有关 Chauvet–Pont d'Arc Cave 内发生的火灾特征的信息。