Formation of normal tissue structure, homeostasis maintenance, and tissue damage repair require proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. A distinctive feature of these cells is a unique organization of metabolic pathways, in which contribution of energy production mechanisms to the general cellular metabolism is principally different from that in differentiated cells. Moreover, metabolic changes during differentiation of embryonic and postnatal stem cells have several specific features. The alterations in the stem cell metabolism are not simply consequences of cell differentiation, but also active regulators of this process. Metabolic enzymes and intermediates control and guide the maintenance of sternness, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. The review discusses the patterns and molecular mechanisms of the switch in the metabolism of stem cells during their transition from the pluripotent to differentiated state with the special emphasis on how metabolic processes occurring in the stem cells regulate their functions, ability to differentiate, and the choice of the direction for development.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物干细胞分化的代谢调控

正常组织结构的形成、体内平衡的维持和组织损伤的修复都需要干细胞的增殖和分化。这些细胞的一个显着特征是代谢途径的独特组织，其中能量产生机制对一般细胞代谢的贡献与分化细胞中的主要不同。此外，胚胎和出生后干细胞分化过程中的代谢变化有几个特定的​​特征。干细胞代谢的改变不仅仅是细胞分化的结果，也是这一过程的积极调节因子。代谢酶和中间体控制和指导干细胞的干细胞维持、自我更新和分化。