The genus Malassezia comprises a heterogeneous group of species that cause similar pathologies. Malassezia yeasts were considered as the most abundant skin eukaryotes of the total skin mycobiome. The ability of this fungus to colonize or infect is determined by complex interactions between the fungal cell and its virulence factors. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence capacity on a polystyrene surface and the ability to form biofilm of 19 isolates, including M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae, from healthy subjects and from dermatological disorders. Cellular surface hydrophobicity levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Strain dependence was observed in all virulence factors studied. All isolates of M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae demonstrated their ability to form biofilm at variable capacities. SEM observations confirmed a variable extracellular matrix after 48 hours of biofilm formation. All isolates of M. globosa were highly adherent and/or hydrophobic as well as biofilm producers. In contrast, M. slooffiae was the least biofilm producer. No significant differences between virulence factors were demonstrated for M. sympodialis, either as clinical isolate or as inhabitant of human microbiota. Results of this work together with the previous M. furfur research confirm that the most frequently Malassezia species isolated from normal subject's skin and patients with dermatosis, form biofilm with different capacities. The study of these virulence factors is important to highlight differences between Malassezia species and to determine their involvement in pathological processes.

中文翻译：

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来自临床分离株和正常皮肤的交趾分枝杆菌，球状念珠菌和恶臭分枝杆菌的生物膜形成，粘附和疏水性交趾分枝杆菌，球形分枝杆菌和食结分支杆菌的毒力因子

马拉色氏菌属包括引起相似病理的异质物种。马拉色酵母被认为是总皮肤真菌组中最丰富的皮肤真核生物。该真菌定植或感染的能力由真菌细胞与其毒性因子之间的复杂相互作用决定。这项研究的目的是评估健康受试者和皮肤病学界的19种分离株的疏水性水平，在聚苯乙烯表面上的粘附能力以及形成生物膜的能力，包括分离株交趾分枝杆菌，球茎分枝杆菌和大葱分枝杆菌。细胞表面疏水性水平通过两相系统确定。通过四唑盐（XTT）还原测定法和通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定生物膜的形成。在研究的所有毒力因子中均观察到菌株依赖性。交趾分枝杆菌，球状支原体和大果支原体的所有分离物均表现出以可变能力形成生物膜的能力。SEM观察证实，生物膜形成48小时后，细胞外基质可变。球形支原体的所有分离物都具有高粘附性和/或疏水性以及生物膜产生者。相比之下，斯洛文尼亚生物是最少的生物膜生产者。无论是作为临床分离株还是作为人类微生物群的栖息地，对交趾分枝杆菌的毒力因子之间均无显着差异。这项工作的结果与以前的糠fur分支杆菌研究一起证实，从正常受试者的皮肤和皮肤病患者中分离出的最常见的马拉色菌物种形成具有不同能力的生物膜。