Carotenoid-based traits commonly act as condition-dependent signals of quality to both males and females. Such colours are typically quantified using summary metrics (e.g. redness) derived by partitioning measured reflectance spectra into blocks. However perceived colouration is a product of the whole spectrum. Recently, new methods have quantified a range of environmental factors and their impact on reflection data at narrow wavebands across the whole spectrum. Using this approach, we modelled the reflectance of red integumentary eye combs displayed by male black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) as a function of ornament size and variables related to male quality. We investigated the strength and direction of effect sizes of variables at each waveband. The strongest effect on the spectra came from eye comb size, with a negative effect in the red part of the spectrum and a positive effect in UV reflectance. Plasma carotenoid concentration and body mass were also related to reflectance variance in differing directions across the entire spectra. Comparisons of yearlings and adults showed effects were similar, but stronger on adult reflectance spectra. These findings suggest reflectance in different parts of the spectrum are indicative of differing components of quality. This method also allows a more accurate understanding of how biologically relevant variables may interact to produce perceived colouration and multi-component signals, and where the strongest biological effects are found

中文翻译：

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基于皮肤的类胡萝卜素性装饰品中的全光谱着色和条件依赖信号

基于类胡萝卜素的性状通常作为对男性和女性的依赖条件的质量信号。通常使用通过将测量的反射光谱划分成块而导出的汇总度量（例如，红色）来量化此类颜色。然而，感知的颜色是整个光谱的产物。最近，新方法量化了一系列环境因素及其对整个光谱窄波段反射数据的影响。使用这种方法，我们将雄性黑松鸡 (Lyrurus tetrix) 显示的红色外皮眼梳的反射率建模为装饰品大小和与雄性质量相关的变量的函数。我们研究了每个波段变量效应大小的强度和方向。对光谱的最强影响来自眼梳大小，对光谱的红色部分有负面影响，对紫外线反射率有积极影响。血浆类胡萝卜素浓度和体重也与整个光谱不同方向的反射率变化有关。一岁鸽和成年鸽的比较显示效果相似，但对成年鸽的反射光谱更强。这些发现表明光谱不同部分的反射率表明质量的不同组成部分。这种方法还可以更准确地了解生物相关变量如何相互作用以产生感知的颜色和多分量信号，以及在哪里发现最强的生物效应 血浆类胡萝卜素浓度和体重也与整个光谱不同方向的反射率变化有关。一岁鸽和成年鸽的比较显示效果相似，但对成年鸽的反射光谱更强。这些发现表明光谱不同部分的反射率表明质量的不同组成部分。这种方法还可以更准确地了解生物相关变量如何相互作用以产生感知的颜色和多分量信号，以及在哪里发现最强的生物效应 血浆类胡萝卜素浓度和体重也与整个光谱不同方向的反射率变化有关。一岁鸽和成年鸽的比较显示效果相似，但对成年鸽的反射光谱更强。这些发现表明光谱不同部分的反射率表明质量的不同组成部分。这种方法还可以更准确地了解生物相关变量如何相互作用以产生感知的颜色和多分量信号，以及在哪里发现最强的生物效应