Monitoring and deciding how to adjust an active regulatory strategy in order to maximize adaptive outcomes is an integral element of emotion regulation, yet existing evidence remains scarce. Filling this gap, the present study examined core factors that determine behavioral regulatory monitoring decisions and the neuro-affective consequences of these decisions. Using a novel paradigm, the initial implementation of central downregulation strategies (distraction, reappraisal) and the emotional intensity (high, low) were manipulated, prior to making a behavioral decision to maintain the initial implemented strategy or switch from it. Neuro-affective consequences of these behavioral decisions were evaluated using the Late Positive Potential (LPP), an electro-cortical measure of regulatory success. Confirming predictions, initial implementation of reappraisal in high intensity and distraction in low intensity (Strategy × Intensity combinations that were established in prior studies as non-preferred by individuals), resulted in increased behavioral switching frequency. Neurally, we expected and found that in high (but not low) emotional intensity, where distraction was more effective than reappraisal, maintaining distraction (relative to switching to reappraisal) and switching to distraction (relative to maintaining reappraisal) resulted in larger LPP modulation. These findings suggest that monitoring decisions are consistent with previously established regulatory preferences and are associated with adaptive short-term neural consequences.

中文翻译：

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情绪调节中的监测：行为决定和神经后果。

监测和决定如何调整积极的调节策略以最大程度地提高适应性结果是情绪调节的一个不可或缺的要素，但是现有证据仍然很少。填补这一空白，本研究检查了决定行为监管监测决定以及这些决定的神经情感后果的核心因素。使用一种新的范式，在做出行为决定以维持最初实施的策略或从中转向之前，对中央下调策略（分散注意力，重新评估）和情绪强度（高，低）的初始实施进行了操纵。这些行为决定的神经情感后果是使用晚期正电位（LPP）进行评估的，该电位是调节大脑皮层调节成功的方法。确认预测，最初实施的高强度重新评估和低强度的注意力分散（在先前研究中建立的策略×强度组合不被个人青睐）导致行为转换频率增加。总的来说，我们期望并发现，在高（但不低）的情绪强度下，分心比重新评估更有效，保持分心（相对于重新评估）和分心（相对于重新评估）会导致更大的LPP调节。这些发现表明，监测决策与先前建立的监管偏好相一致，并且与适应性短期神经后果相关。