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Vertebrate Lineages Exhibit Diverse Patterns of Transposable Element Regulation and Expression across Tissues.
Genome Biology and Evolution ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa068
Giulia I M Pasquesi 1, 2 , Blair W Perry 1 , Mike W Vandewege 3 , Robert P Ruggiero 4 , Drew R Schield 1, 5 , Todd A Castoe 1
Affiliation  

Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a major fraction of vertebrate genomes, yet little is known about their expression and regulation across tissues, and how this varies across major vertebrate lineages. We present the first comparative analysis integrating TE expression and TE regulatory pathway activity in somatic and gametic tissues for a diverse set of 12 vertebrates. We conduct simultaneous gene and TE expression analyses to characterize patterns of TE expression and TE regulation across vertebrates and examine relationships between these features. We find remarkable variation in the expression of genes involved in TE negative regulation across tissues and species, yet consistently high expression in germline tissues, particularly in testes. Most vertebrates show comparably high levels of TE regulatory pathway activity across gonadal tissues except for mammals, where reduced activity of TE regulatory pathways in ovarian tissues may be the result of lower relative germ cell densities. We also find that all vertebrate lineages examined exhibit remarkably high levels of TE-derived transcripts in somatic and gametic tissues, with recently active TE families showing higher expression in gametic tissues. Although most TE-derived transcripts originate from inactive ancient TE families (and are likely incapable of transposition), such high levels of TE-derived RNA in the cytoplasm may have secondary, unappreciated biological relevance.

中文翻译:

脊椎动物谱系展示了跨组织的可转座元件调控和表达的多种模式。

转座因子(TEs)构成了脊椎动物基因组的主要部分,但关于它们在组织中的表达和调控以及在主要脊椎动物谱系中的变化却知之甚少。我们提出了第一个比较分析,整合了TE表达和TE调节途径在体细胞和配子组织中的12种脊椎动物的多样化。我们同时进行基因和TE表达分析,以表征整个脊椎动物的TE表达和TE调控模式,并检查这些特征之间的关系。我们发现跨组织和物种参与TE负调控的基因表达有显着差异,但在种系组织(尤其是睾丸)中始终保持高表达。除哺乳动物外,大多数脊椎动物在性腺组织中显示出相当高水平的TE调节途径活性,而哺乳动物中卵巢组织中TE调节途径的活性降低可能是相对生殖细胞密度降低的结果。我们还发现,检查的所有脊椎动物谱系在体细胞和配子组织中均显示出高水平的TE衍生转录本,而最近活跃的TE家族在配子组织中显示出更高的表达。尽管大多数TE衍生的转录本来自不活跃的古代TE家族(并且很可能无法进行转座),但如此高水平的TE衍生RNA在细胞质中可能具有次要的,未被认识的生物学相关性。我们还发现,检查的所有脊椎动物谱系在体细胞和配子组织中均显示出高水平的TE衍生转录本,而最近活跃的TE家族在配子组织中显示出更高的表达。尽管大多数TE衍生的转录本都来自不活跃的古代TE家族(并且很可能无法转座),但是在细胞质中如此高水平的TE衍生RNA可能具有次要的,未被认识的生物学相关性。我们还发现,检查的所有脊椎动物谱系在体细胞和配子组织中均显示出高水平的TE衍生转录本,而最近活跃的TE家族在配子组织中显示出更高的表达。尽管大多数TE衍生的转录本都来自不活跃的古代TE家族(并且很可能无法转座),但是在细胞质中如此高水平的TE衍生RNA可能具有次要的,未被认识的生物学相关性。
更新日期:2020-04-09
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