Epidemiological evidence indicates that breastfeeding provides protection against development of overweight/obesity. Nonetheless, a small subgroup of infants undergo excessive weight gain during exclusive breastfeeding, a phenomenon that remains unexplained. Breast milk contains both gut-seeding microbes and substrates for microbial growth in the gut of infants, and a large body of evidence suggests a role for gut microbes in host metabolism. Based on the recently established SKOT III cohort, we investigated the role of the infant gut microbiota in excessive infant weight gain during breastfeeding, including 30 exclusively breastfed infants, 13 of which exhibited excessive weight gain and 17 controls which exhibited normal weight gain during infancy. Infants undergoing excessive weight gain during breastfeeding had a reduced abundance of gut Enterococcus as compared with that observed in the controls. Within the complete cohort, Enterococcus abundance correlated inversely with age/gender-adjusted body-weight, body-mass index and waist circumference, body fat and levels of plasma leptin. The reduced abundance of Enterococcus in infants with excessive weight gain was coupled to a lower content of Enterococcus in breast milk samples of their mothers than seen for mothers in the control group. Together, this suggests that lack of breast milk-derived gut-seeding Enterococci may contribute to excessive weight gain in breastfed infants.

中文翻译：

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肠道肠球菌丰度与母乳喂养的婴儿体重增加过多和血浆瘦素增加呈负相关。

流行病学证据表明，母乳喂养可防止超重/肥胖。尽管如此，一小部分婴儿在纯母乳喂养期间体重增加过多，这一现象仍无法解释。母乳中含有肠道微生物和婴儿肠道中微生物生长的底物，大量证据表明肠道微生物在宿主代谢中的作用。基于最近建立的SKOT III队列，我们​​研究了婴儿肠道菌群在母乳喂养期间婴儿体重增加过多中的作用，包括30名纯母乳喂养的婴儿，其中13名婴儿体重增加过多，以及17名对照组婴儿期体重增加正常。与对照组相比，母乳喂养期间体重过度增加的婴儿肠道肠球菌丰度降低。在整个队列中，肠球菌的丰度与年龄/性别调整后的体重，体质指数和腰围，体脂和血浆瘦素水平成反比。体重增加过多的婴儿肠球菌含量降低，其母亲的乳汁样本中肠球菌含量低于对照组母亲。总之，这表明缺乏母乳来源的肠内肠球菌可能会导致母乳喂养婴儿体重增加过多。身体质量指数和腰围，体内脂肪和血浆瘦素水平。体重增加过多的婴儿肠球菌含量降低，其母亲的乳汁样本中肠球菌含量低于对照组母亲。总之，这表明缺乏母乳的肠道接种肠球菌可能会导致母乳喂养婴儿体重增加过多。身体质量指数和腰围，体内脂肪和血浆瘦素水平。体重增加过多的婴儿肠球菌含量降低，其母亲的乳汁样本中肠球菌含量低于对照组母亲。总之，这表明缺乏母乳的肠道接种肠球菌可能会导致母乳喂养婴儿体重增加过多。