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Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites as a measure of adrenocortical activity in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Conservation Physiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-04 , DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa012
Anna Hein 1 , Rupert Palme 2 , Katrin Baumgartner 3 , Lorenzo von Fersen 3 , Benno Woelfing 1 , Alex D Greenwood 4, 5 , Thea Bechshoft 6 , Ursula Siebert 1
Affiliation  

Analysis of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) is frequently applied to assess adrenocortical activity in animal conservation and welfare studies. Faecal sample collection is non-invasive and feasible under field conditions. FGM levels are also less prone to circadian rhythms, episodic fluctuations and short acute stressors than glucocorticoid (GC) levels obtained from other matrices, for example blood or saliva. To investigate the suitability of FGM measurement in polar bears (Ursus maritimus), a species listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), a cortisol enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was biologically validated by demonstrating a significant increase in FGMs after five zoo-to-zoo transports. In addition to validating the method, the study also documented an average delay of 7 h until the first occurrence of food colorants in the monitored polar bears, which provides essential information for future studies. After validation, the assay was applied to measure FGM concentrations of five polar bears over a 1-year period. Several pre-defined potentially stressful events were recorded in an event log to measure their effect on FGM concentrations. A mixed model analysis revealed significant increases in FGM concentrations after social tension and environmental changes, whereas season and sex had no significant effect. The study demonstrates that the applied cortisol EIA is suitable for measuring FGM levels in polar bears and that using a carefully validated assay for FGM analysis in combination with a detailed sampling protocol can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating mid- to long-term stress in polar bears. FGM levels can be used to monitor stress in captive polar bears in order to optimize housing conditions but also to elucidate stress responses in wild populations for targeted conservation measures.

中文翻译:

粪便糖皮质激素代谢物作为北极熊(Ursus maritimus)肾上腺皮质激素活动的量度。

粪便糖皮质激素代谢物(FGM)的分析经常用于评估动物保护和福利研究中的肾上腺皮质活动。粪便样品采集是非侵入性的,并且在野外条件下可行。与从其他基质(例如血液或唾液)获得的糖皮质激素(GC)水平相比,FGM水平也较不容易产生昼夜节律,发作性波动和短暂的急性应激源。调查FGM测量在北极熊中的适用性(Ursus maritimus)是一种被IUCN(国际自然保护联盟)列为脆弱物种的物种,一种皮质醇酶免疫测定(EIA)已通过在五次动物园间的运输后证明FGM的显着增加而得到了生物学验证。除了验证该方法外,该研究还记录了直到受监测的北极熊中首次出现食品着色剂为止的平均延迟时间为7小时,这为将来的研究提供了重要信息。验证后,该分析方法用于测量1年内五只北极熊的FGM浓度。在事件日志中记录了几个预定义的潜在压力事件,以测量它们对FGM浓度的影响。混合模型分析显示,在社会紧张和环境变化之后,女性外阴残割的浓度显着增加,而季节和性别没有明显影响。该研究表明,应用的皮质醇EIA适用于测量北极熊的FGM水平,并且使用经过仔细验证的FGM分析检测方法和详细的采样方案可以作为评估北极熊中长期压力的有价值的工具。北极熊。FGM水平可用于监测圈养北极熊的压力,以优化住房条件,也可阐明野生种群的压力响应,以采取有针对性的保护措施。
更新日期:2020-04-17
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