This study assesses the lighting requirements for operating theatres and the lighting conditions in a specific test case and proposes alternate ways of achieving a favourable visual environment. The hypothesis was that an increased illuminance level from general lighting and lower luminance contrasts between the essential task areas affect perceived lighting quality, visual ability and performance, as well as tiredness of medical staff performing surgical work. The investigation consisted of three parts: a laboratory study, followed by a field study and concluding with a retrospective study. In the laboratory study, each medical staff subject was exposed to four lighting scenarios with three illuminances from the operating light (12 lighting conditions), with no patients present. In the field and the retrospective study, the existing lighting scenario was compared to the highest-rated test lighting scenario (with illuminances more than double). The field study and the retrospective study took place with medical staff working under either the test general lighting condition or the existing general lighting condition. Increased illuminance from the general lighting and a higher correlated colour temperature did not improve the operating staff’s visual ability. However, medical staff rated the change in lighting quality resulting from the increased general illuminance as an improvement in the work environment, both in the laboratory study and in the field study. Medical staff subjects using the operating theatre rated both perceived visual ability and lighting quality higher under the test lighting scenario. Tiredness was also rated lower under that test scenario. Based on the results from this study, general lighting levels of 2000 lx in the periphery of the operating room, 4000 lx surrounding the operating table and 5500 lx on the operating table are recommended by the authors. With reference to the selections made by the surgeons for the illuminance in the operating cavity, it is suggested that the central beam illuminance from the surgical luminaires be between 50,000 lx and 100,000 lx.

中文翻译：

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为开放手术提供更好的照明建议

本研究评估了特定测试案例中手术室的照明要求和照明条件，并提出了实现有利视觉环境的替代方法。假设是，普通照明的照度增加和基本任务区域之间的亮度对比降低会影响感知的照明质量、视觉能力和性能，以及执行外科工作的医务人员的疲劳。调查由三部分组成：实验室研究，然后是实地研究，最后是回顾性研究。在实验室研究中，每个医务人员受试者都暴露在四种照明场景中，其中三种照明来自手术灯（12 种照明条件），没有患者在场。在现场和回顾性研究中，将现有照明场景与评分最高的测试照明场景（照度增加一倍以上）进行比较。实地研究和回顾性研究是在医务人员在测试一般照明条件或现有一般照明条件下工作的情况下进行的。提高普通照明的照度和更高的相关色温并没有提高操作人员的视觉能力。然而，在实验室研究和现场研究中，医务人员将由于整体照度增加而导致的照明质量变化视为工作环境的改善。使用手术室的医务人员受试者在测试照明场景下对感知视觉能力和照明质量的评价更高。在该测试场景下，疲劳度的评分也较低。根据这项研究的结果，作者建议手术室周边的一般照明水平为 2000 lx，手术台周围为 4000 lx，手术台上为 5500 lx。参考外科医生对手术腔照度的选择，建议手术灯具的中心光束照度在50,000 lx至100,000 lx之间。