The cardinal features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are optic neuritis, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and area postrema syndrome. Olfactory dysfunction is not listed as a feature in the NMOSD diagnostic criteria. Here, we present an aquaporin-4 antibody positive patient who, in addition to classical features of NMOSD, developed acute anosmia with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of olfactory bulb abnormalities. While the association of anosmia and NMOSD has been rarely noted previously, to our knowledge, no prior cases have found this to be one of the presenting features of a relapse nor have they identified acute radiological correlates.

中文翻译：

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视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍的急性嗅觉丧失

视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍 (NMOSD) 的主要特征是视神经炎、纵向广泛性横向脊髓炎和区域后区综合征。NMOSD 诊断标准中未将嗅觉功能障碍列为特征。在这里，我们介绍了一名水通道蛋白 4 抗体阳性患者，除了 NMOSD 的经典特征外，还出现了嗅球异常的磁共振成像 (MRI) 证据的急性嗅觉丧失。虽然以前很少注意到嗅觉障碍和 NMOSD 的关联，但据我们所知，以前的病例没有发现这是复发的表现特征之一，也没有发现急性放射学相关性。