Objective: Significant anxiety often occurs in the presence of ADHD symptoms; however, the reasons are not well understood. We aimed to establish whether the relations between ADHD symptons and anxiety are bidirectional or unidirectional. Method: Weexamined the developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms across adolescence (ages 13, 15, and 17) in a community-ascertained, normative longitudinal sample of 1,483 youth (52% male). We used an autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to examine within-person developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms to determine whether it is ADHD symptoms that lead to anxiety symptoms and/or the reverse. Results: Results suggested that there are reciprocal within-person developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings support the recommendation that targeting ADHD symptoms can be fruitful for addressing anxiety symptoms; however, they suggest that targeting anxiety symptoms may also benefit ADHD symptoms. Results also underline the importance of careful assessment for underlying ADHD symptoms among adolescents presenting with anxiety.

客观的：存在多动症症状时通常会出现明显的焦虑；然而，原因还不是很清楚。我们旨在确定 ADHD 症状和焦虑之间的关系是双向的还是单向的。方法：在社区确定的 1,483 名青年（52% 男性）的规范纵向样本中，我们检查了 ADHD 与整个青春期（13、15 和 17 岁）的焦虑症状之间的发展关系。我们使用具有结构化残差 (ALT-SR) 的自回归潜在轨迹模型来检查 ADHD 和焦虑症状之间的人内发育关系，以确定是否是 ADHD 症状导致焦虑症状和/或相反。结果：结果表明，ADHD 和焦虑症状之间存在相互的人内发育关系。结论：我们的研究结果支持以下建议，即针对 ADHD 症状可以有效解决焦虑症状；然而，他们认为针对焦虑症状也可能有益于 ADHD 症状。结果还强调了仔细评估焦虑青少年潜在 ADHD 症状的重要性。