Studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the association between both fluctuation and deprivation of ovarian hormones and cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress and their potential impact on resting arterial pressure (AP) and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular autonomic modulation, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and oxidative stress in male rats (M) and in female rats during ovulatory (FOV) and non-ovulatory phases (FNOV) of the estrous cycle and after deprivation of ovarian hormones (FO). Direct AP was recorded, and BRS was assessed by using increasing doses of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. AP and heart rate variability were assessed by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress profile was evaluated in cardiac, renal, and muscle tissues. In females, the ovulatory phase and ovarian hormone deprivation induced an increase in AP (FOV and FO ~ 9 mmHg) when compared to the non-ovulatory phase. Ovariectomy promoted increased cardiac sympathovagal balance (~ 17-37%) when compared to other groups. Both FOV and FO groups presented impaired BRS, associated with higher AP variability. In general, antioxidant capacity was higher in the FNOV than in the M group. Ovarian hormone deprivation induced a decrease in catalase activity in cardiac and renal tissues and an increase in lipid peroxidation in all tissues analyzed. Positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between vascular sympathetic modulation and lipid peroxidation in cardiac (r = 0.60), renal (r = 0.60), and muscle (r = 0.57) tissues. In conclusion, both oscillation and deprivation of ovarian hormones play an important role in cardiovascular autonomic control and oxidative stress profile in target organs, which is reflected in AP changes.

中文翻译：

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卵巢状态调节靶器官的心血管自主控制和氧化应激。

有关卵巢激素的波动和剥夺与心血管自主调节和氧化应激之间的关联以及对静息动脉压（AP）和心血管风险的潜在影响，研究提出了相互矛盾的发现。这项研究旨在评估发情周期的排卵期（FOV）和非排卵期（FNOV）以及剥夺卵巢后的雄性大鼠（M）和雌性大鼠的心血管自主调节，压力反射敏感性（BRS）和氧化应激激素（FO）。记录直接AP，并通过增加剂量的去氧肾上腺素和硝普钠评估BRS。通过频谱分析评估AP和心率变异性。在心脏，肾脏和肌肉组织中评估了氧化应激曲线。在女性中 与非排卵期相比，排卵期和卵巢激素剥夺引起AP增加（FOV和FO〜9 mmHg）。与其他组相比，卵巢切除术可促进心脏交感神经迷走平衡的增加（约17-37％）。FOV和FO组均表现出BRS受损，与AP变异性较高相关。通常，FNOV的抗氧化能力高于M组。卵巢激素剥夺引起心脏和肾脏组织中过氧化氢酶活性的降低以及所有分析组织中脂质过氧化的升高。在心脏（r = 0.60），肾脏（r = 0.60）和肌肉（r = 0.57）的组织中，血管交感调节与脂质过氧化之间存在正相关（p <0.05）。结论，