Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, possessing a diverse landscape of subtypes with distinct molecular signatures and levels of aggressiveness. Although immense progress has been achieved therapeutically for patients with the most common forms of this disease, little is known of how to effectively treat patients with rarer subtypes of melanoma. These subtypes include acral lentiginous (the rarest form of cutaneous melanoma; AL), uveal, and mucosal melanomas, which display variations in distribution across (a) the world, (b) patient age‐groups, and (c) anatomic sites. Unfortunately, patients with these relatively rare subtypes of melanoma typically respond worse to therapies approved for the more common, non‐AL cutaneous melanoma and do not have effective alternatives, and thus consequently have worse overall survival rates. Achieving durable therapeutic responses in these high‐risk melanoma subtypes represents one of the greatest challenges of the field. This review aims to collate and highlight effective preclinical and/or clinical strategies against these rare forms of melanoma.

中文翻译：

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治疗罕见且棘手的黑色素瘤亚型的新兴策略。


黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌，具有多种亚型，具有独特的分子特征和侵袭性水平。尽管对于患有这种疾病的最常见形式的患者在治疗上已经取得了巨大进展，但对于如何有效治疗患有罕见黑色素瘤亚型的患者却知之甚少。这些亚型包括肢端雀斑样痣（最罕见的皮肤黑色素瘤；AL）、葡萄膜和粘膜黑色素瘤，它们在 (a) 世界、(b) 患者年龄组和 (c) 解剖部位的分布存在差异。不幸的是，患有这些相对罕见的黑色素瘤亚型的患者通常对批准用于更常见的非 AL 皮肤黑色素瘤的治疗反应较差，并且没有有效的替代方案，因此总体生存率较差。在这些高风险黑色素瘤亚型中实现持久的治疗反应是该领域面临的最大挑战之一。本综述旨在整理和强调针对这些罕见形式的黑色素瘤的有效临床前和/或临床策略。