Conservation tillage is an alternative to conventional tillage (CT) for addressing the issue of soil degradation, while how it affects soil quality remains unclear. To characterise the temporary and stable effects of 8 years of conservation tillage on soil quality, topsoil (0–20 cm) properties, 16S rDNA‐based bacterial community properties and their relationships were analysed. Three tillage practices (CT [as the control], subsoiling tillage [ST] and no tillage [NT]) were compared at the sowing and harvest stages of a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The mean weight diameter of the water‐stable aggregate, organic matter, total N/P/K and available K consistently improved with NT at both crop stages, with averages of 26.8, 35.3, 38.5, 29.2, 13.1 and 59.1%, respectively. Similar but lower levels of improvements were observed under ST. Tillage did not significantly affect soil bulk density, penetration resistance and temperature, whereas NT significantly decreased capillary porosity by 7.9% at sowing. At the sowing stage, CT showed higher bacterial α/β‐diversity but lower soil water content and abundances of N‐cycling bacteria. The physicochemical properties showed significant correlation with the abundances of some genera belonging to Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae and Actinobacteria. After 8 years of experimentation, we found that conservation tillage, especially NT, resulted in stable effects on soil aggregation and nutrient storage. Although soil compaction temporarily decreased after CT, the bacterial community, soil water storage and the aforementioned stable effects were more favourable for soil sustainability under conservation tillage.

中文翻译：

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黄土高原雨养农业生态系统八年保护性耕作对土壤理化性质和细菌群落的影响

保护性耕作法是解决土壤退化问题的传统耕作法（CT）的替代方法，目前尚不清楚如何影响土壤质量。为了表征8年保护性耕作对土壤质量，表土（0–20 cm）特性，基于16S rDNA的细菌群落特性及其关系的暂时性和稳定性，进行了分析。三分耕作法（CT [作为控制]，耕作深松[ST]和免耕[NT]）在播种并连续冬小麦的收获期相比（小麦L.）系统。在两个作物阶段，水稳性团聚体，有机质，总N / P / K和有效钾的平均重量直径均随NT持续改善，分别分别为26.8％，35.3％，38.5％，29.2％，13.1％和59.1％。在ST下观察到相似但较低的改进水平。耕作对土壤容重，抗渗透性和温度没有明显影响，而NT在播种时显着降低了毛孔孔隙率7.9％。在播种阶段，CT显示出较高的细菌α/β多样性，但土壤含水量较低，N循环细菌含量较高。理化性质与属于属细菌，硝化螺旋菌和放线菌的一些属的丰度显着相关。经过8年的试验，我们发现保护性耕作，特别是NT，对土壤聚集和养分储藏产生稳定的影响。尽管CT后土壤压实度暂时降低，但细菌群落，土壤水储量和上述稳定作用对于保护性耕作下的土壤可持续性更为有利。