This paper presents a cost-effective localization method by using received signal strength (RSS) from single wireless access point (AP) that has only three directional antennas. To reduce the requirement for the costly database training process, a three-step parametric model-based approach is proposed. This approach estimates the AP-device angle, distance, and the device location analytically by making use of wireless path-loss models, antenna radiation patterns, and differential RSS. Meanwhile, the differential antenna gain is introduced to eliminate the need for known AP-device distances when estimating the AP-device angle. Furthermore, to circumvent the difficulty in detecting outliers in a single-AP system, this paper further integrates single-AP solutions with dead-reckoning (DR) to obtain more robust solutions. Three types of measurement models (i.e., the device location updates, AP-device angle updates, and AP-device distance updates) are built from the single-AP localization system. Static and dynamic field tests with the new Bluetooth 5 signals indicated the possibility for using RSS from three directional antennas on single AP to obtain a low-cost localization solution and the effectiveness of integrating with DR on mitigating the impact of outliers.

中文翻译：

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使用来自单个无线接入点的 RSS 进行经济高效的定位

本文介绍了一种经济高效的定位方法，它使用来自只有三个定向天线的单个无线接入点 (AP) 的接收信号强度 (RSS)。为了减少对昂贵的数据库训练过程的要求，提出了一种基于三步参数模型的方法。这种方法通过使用无线路径损耗模型、天线辐射模式和差分 RSS 来分析性地估计 AP 设备角度、距离和设备位置。同时，引入差分天线增益以消除在估计 AP 设备角度时对已知 AP 设备距离的需要。此外，为了规避在单 AP 系统中检测异常值的困难，本文进一步将单 AP 解决方案与航位推算 (DR) 相结合，以获得更稳健的解决方案。基于单AP定位系统构建了三种测量模型（即设备位置更新、AP-设备角度更新和AP-设备距离更新）。新蓝牙 5 信号的静态和动态现场测试表明，可以在单个 AP 上使用来自三个定向天线的 RSS 来获得低成本定位解决方案，以及与 DR 集成对减轻异常值影响的有效性。