In three-dimensional (3D) vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) scenario, dynamic vehicles, complex node distribution and severe path loss increase the probability of link interruption significantly, which deteriorates the packet reception probability sharply. However, reliability is a crucial issue as efficiency to improve the performance of routing protocol in 3D VANET. In this letter, for the dynamic and multi-level shadowing scenario, we propose a packet reception probability-based reliable routing (PPR) protocol to improve the transmission link reliability. Especially, we introduce a packet reception probability model to characterize the link reliability of 3D network, and the unique characteristics of 3D VANETs are integrated into this model. Then, we formulate the routing decision issue as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem, which attempts to find a link with the highest packet reception probability as the relay link. The simulation results demonstrate that PPR outperforms the existing protocols in the aspects of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput.

中文翻译：

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一种基于数据包接收概率的 3D VANET 可靠路由协议

在三维（3D）车载自组网（VANET）场景中，动态车辆、复杂的节点分布和严重的路径丢失显着增加了链路中断的概率，从而使数据包接收概率急剧恶化。然而，可靠性是提高 3D VANET 路由协议性能的关键问题。在这封信中，针对动态和多级阴影场景，我们提出了一种基于数据包接收概率的可靠路由（PPR）协议，以提高传输链路的可靠性。特别是，我们引入了一个数据包接收概率模型来表征 3D 网络的链路可靠性，并将 3D VANET 的独特特性融入到该模型中。然后，我们将路由决策问题表述为一个有约束的多目标优化问题，它试图找到一条接收包概率最高的链路作为中继链路。仿真结果表明，PPR 在数据包交付率、端到端延迟和吞吐量方面优于现有协议。