A self-embedded power-recycling technique in microwave mixers is proposed and presented for radio frequency (RF) and microwave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The novelty of the proposed power-recycling technique stems from a distinct concept of harnessing direct current (dc) signal rectified by mixing elements in the course of a frequency translation. The large-signal model of a nonlinear mixing element coupled with electromagnetic simulations is used to understand and examine the contribution of the dc signal in the overall transceiver energy efficiency. A single-balanced (SB) diode-switching mixer integrated with a diplexer bank is prototyped using off-the-shelf components to validate the power-recycling technique, which can be extended for an IC implementation. The measurement results show that about 30% of the driving signal power is directly present in the form of a dc signal at the power-recycling port under the maximum conversion efficiency condition. Furthermore, wide linear instantaneous bandwidth performance is shown with a resistive termination of sum–product signal in a downconverter.

中文翻译：

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具有宽线性瞬时带宽的功率回收微波混频器

针对射频 (RF) 和微波多输入多输出 (MIMO) 系统，提出并展示了微波混频器中的自嵌入功率回收技术。所提出的功率回收技术的新颖性源于利用在频率转换过程中通过混合元件整流的直流 (dc) 信号的独特概念。非线性混频元件的大信号模型与电磁仿真相结合，用于理解和检查直流信号对整体收发器能量效率的贡献。与双工器组集成的单平衡 (SB) 二极管开关混频器使用现成的组件进行原型设计，以验证功率回收技术，该技术可以扩展用于 IC 实施。测量结果表明，在最大转换效率条件下，大约30%的驱动信号功率以直流信号的形式直接存在于功率回收端口。此外，下变频器中和积信号的电阻端接显示了宽线性瞬时带宽性能。