Commonly used recharge water resources for artificial groundwater recharge (AGR) such as secondary effluent (SE), river water and rainfall, are all oligotrophic, with low ionic strengths and different cationic compositions. The dwelling process in recharge pond imposed physiologic stress on Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells, in all three types of investigated recharge water resources and the cultivation of E. coli under varying recharge water conditions, induced changes in cell properties. During adaptation to the recharge water environment, the zeta potential of cells became more negative, the hydrodynamic diameters, extracellular polymeric substances content and surface hydrophobicity decreased, while the cellular outer membrane protein profiles became more diverse. The mobility of cells altered in accordance with changes in these cell properties. The E. coli cells in rainfall recharge water displayed the highest mobility (least retention), followed by cells in river water and finally SE cells, which had the lowest mobility. Simulated column experiments and quantitative modeling confirmed that the cellular properties, driven by the physiologic state of cells in different recharge water matrices and the solution chemistry, exerted synergistic effects on cell transport behavior. The findings of this study contribute to an improved understanding of E. coli transport in actual AGR scenarios and prediction of spreading risk in different recharge water sources.

用于人工地下水补给（AGR）的常用补给水资源，例如次要废水（SE），河水和降雨，都是贫营养的，具有低离子强度和不同的阳离子组成。在所有三种调查的补给水资源和大肠杆菌培养中，补给池中的栖居过程对大肠杆菌（E. coli）细胞施加了生理压力。在变化的补给水条件下，引起电池性能的变化。在适应补给水环境的过程中，细胞的ζ电势变得更负，流体动力学直径，细胞外聚合物含量和表面疏水性降低，而细胞外膜蛋白特性变得更加多样化。细胞的迁移率根据这些细胞特性的变化而改变。该大肠杆菌降雨补给水中的细胞显示出最高的迁移率（最低保留率），其次是河水中的细胞，最后是SE细胞，其迁移率最低。模拟柱实验和定量建模证实，在不同补给水基质中细胞的生理状态和溶液化学性质的驱动下，细胞特性对细胞运输行为产生了协同作用。这项研究的结果有助于更好地理解实际AGR情景中的大肠杆菌运输，并预测不同补给水源中的传播风险。