The purpose of this study was to identify, describe and conceptualize the present drivers of food choices and preferences of the Khwe San indigenous peoples by considering influences of their historical and cultural contexts. Data were collected in Eastern Bwabwata National Park in Namibia using a range of qualitative methods: semi-structured and structured interviews and free listing. The various drivers of food choices have been clustered into four levels of the ecological conceptual framework. Key factors, found to be driving participants' food choices, were the following: taste, hunger, health, familiarity and body satisfaction at the individual level; culture and food taboos at the social level; access to food and food storage at the physical level, and; cost and seasonality at the macro level. Many of these factors are directly related to food insecurity and previous experiences of hunger. Current preferences towards traditional foods existed but were not prevailing among all the participants. Interviews with the elderly revealed the historical context of the increasing exposure to modern foods and a contested access to traditional foods and traditional knowledge transmission. Our findings exposed some substantial gaps in the nutritional knowledge of the Khwe that need consideration by future health promotion strategies along with the current perceptions of local food choices. Ensuring access and promoting sustainable management of traditional foods would not only contribute to the health of the Khwe people but also help to maintain a nutritional safety net in their current situation of extreme poverty.

中文翻译：

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改变纳米比亚一个前狩猎采集者群体的食物偏好

本研究的目的是通过考虑其历史和文化背景的影响，确定、描述和概念化 Khwe San 土著人民食物选择和偏好的当前驱动因素。使用一系列定性方法在纳米比亚东 Bwabwata 国家公园收集数据：半结构化和结构化访谈以及免费列表。食物选择的各种驱动因素被分为四个层次的生态概念框架。被发现推动参与者选择食物的关键因素如下：个人层面的口味、饥饿、健康、熟悉度和身体满意度；社会层面的文化和饮食禁忌；在物理层面上获得食物和食物储存，以及；宏观层面的成本和季节性。其中许多因素与粮食不安全和以前的饥饿经历直接相关。目前对传统食物的偏好存在，但并非在所有参与者中普遍存在。对老年人的采访揭示了越来越多地接触现代食品以及获取传统食品和传统知识传播存在争议的历史背景。我们的研究结果揭示了 Khwe 人在营养知识方面的一些重大差距，需要在未来的健康促进策略以及当前对当地食物选择的看法中加以考虑。确保传统食品的获取和促进可持续管理不仅有助于 Khwe 人的健康，而且有助于在他们目前的极端贫困状况下维持营养安全网。