Abstract Immersive virtual reality (VR) is a powerful tool for vocational training - especially for safety-critical vocations where real-world training is often too complicated, expensive, or risky. Despite its apparent utility in this context, there is not yet a coherent, systematic framework that captures the key features of user learning experiences in immersive virtual reality environments. With the use of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this article presents a comprehensive framework which brings different dimensions (assessment criteria) together. This framework is informed by the analysis of 45 VR training sessions conducted by Mines Rescue Pty Ltd and total of 284 mines rescue brigades partook in this study and received training on specific mines rescue operation. The result of this study shows that actual and perceived learning was enhanced by trainee engagement with the scenario, their perception of the fidelity of the scenario, their sense of co-presence with other trainees, the perceived usability of the system, an overall positive attitude towards the technology, and the involvement of skilled trainers. These results suggest that: 1) there are multiple paths by which immersive VR training can have a positive impact on learning, and 2) immersive VR training will not replace the requirement for skilled trainers, but rather it can serve as an effective vehicle to convey their expertise.

中文翻译：

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沉浸式虚拟现实探矿救援人员安全培训过程：一种结构方程建模方法

摘要 沉浸式虚拟现实 (VR) 是一种强大的职业培训工具 - 特别是对于安全至关重要的职业，在这些职业中，现实世界的培训往往过于复杂、昂贵或有风险。尽管它在这种情况下具有明显的实用性，但还没有一个连贯的、系统的框架来捕捉沉浸式虚拟现实环境中用户学习体验的关键特征。通过使用结构方程模型 (SEM)，本文提出了一个综合框架，将不同维度（评估标准）结合在一起。该框架是通过对 Mines Rescue Pty Ltd 进行的 45 次 VR 培训课程的分析得出的，共有 284 个矿山救援队参与了这项研究，并接受了特定矿山救援行动的培训。本研究的结果表明，学员对场景的参与、他们对场景逼真度的感知、与其他受训者的共存感、系统的感知可用性、整体积极态度都可以增强实际和感知学习技术，以及熟练培训师的参与。这些结果表明：1) 沉浸式 VR 培训可以通过多种途径对学习产生积极影响，以及 2) 沉浸式 VR 培训不会取代对熟练培训师的要求，而是可以作为一种有效的传达方式他们的专业知识。对技术的整体积极态度，以及熟练培训师的参与。这些结果表明：1) 沉浸式 VR 培训可以通过多种途径对学习产生积极影响，以及 2) 沉浸式 VR 培训不会取代对熟练培训师的要求，而是可以作为一种有效的传达方式他们的专业知识。对技术的整体积极态度，以及熟练培训师的参与。这些结果表明：1) 沉浸式 VR 培训可以通过多种途径对学习产生积极影响，以及 2) 沉浸式 VR 培训不会取代对熟练培训师的要求，而是可以作为一种有效的传达方式他们的专业知识。