Intercontinental Test of Constraint-Breaking Adaptations; Testing Behavioural Plasticity in the Face of a Predator with Novel Hunting Strategies,Journal of Animal Ecology

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Intercontinental Test of Constraint-Breaking Adaptations; Testing Behavioural Plasticity in the Face of a Predator with Novel Hunting Strategies
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13234
Sonny S Bleicher _{1,

2,

3} , Burt P Kotler ₃ , Cynthia J Downs _{3,

4} , Joel S Brown ₅

Affiliation

Constraint-breaking adaptations are evolutionary tools that provide a mechanism for incumbent-replacement between species filling similar ecological roles. In common-garden experiments, we exposed populations of two desert rodents to two different viper species, testing their ability to adjust to novel predators that use different hunting strategies. We aimed to understand whether both predators and prey with constraint-breaking adaptations actually manifest comparative advantage over their counterparts. We used convergent species from desert dunes in the Mojave Desert in North America, Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and the sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), and from the Negev Desert in the Middle East, the greater Egyptian gerbil (Gerbillus pyramidum) and the Saharan horned vipers (Cerastes cerastes). Both Mojave species hold constraint-breaking adaptations in relation to their counterparts from the Negev. The rattlesnakes have heat sensing organs (pits) and the kangaroo rats have fur-lined cheek pouches that allow for greater foraging efficiency and food preservation. Using patch-use, we assessed the rodents' risk-assessment from each snake- separately, together and in combination with barn owls. Initially each rodent species foraged less in the presence of its familiar snake, but within a month both foraged less in the presence of the pit-viper (sidewinder). Our findings indicate a level of learning, and behavioural plasticity, in both rodents and ability to assess the risk from novel predators. The kangaroo rats were capable of harvesting far greater amounts of resources under the same conditions of elevate risk. However, the reason for their advantage may lay in bi-pedal agility and not only their ability collect food more efficiently.

中文翻译：

打破约束的适应洲际测试；用新颖的狩猎策略测试捕食者面对捕食者的行为可塑性

打破约束的适应是进化工具，它为扮演相似生态角色的物种之间的现有替代提供了一种机制。在公共花园实验中，我们将两种沙漠啮齿动物的种群暴露于两种不同的毒蛇物种，测试它们适应使用不同狩猎策略的新型捕食者的能力。我们旨在了解具有突破性适应的捕食者和猎物是否确实表现出相对于其对应物的比较优势。我们使用了来自北美莫哈韦沙漠沙漠沙丘、梅里亚姆袋鼠 (Dipodomys merriami) 和响尾蛇响尾蛇 (Crotalus cerastes) 以及来自中东内盖夫沙漠的大埃及沙鼠 (Gerbillus pyramidum) 和撒哈拉角毒蛇 (Cerastes cerastes)。与内盖夫的同类相比，莫哈韦沙漠的两个物种都具有突破性的适应性。响尾蛇有热感应器官（坑），袋鼠有毛皮衬里的脸颊袋，可以提高觅食效率和食物保存。使用补丁使用，我们评估了啮齿动物对每条蛇的风险评估——分别、一起和与谷仓猫头鹰结合。最初，每种啮齿动物在其熟悉的蛇的存在下觅食较少，但在一个月内，在蝮蛇（响尾蛇）的存在下，两种啮齿动物的觅食量都减少了。我们的研究结果表明，啮齿动物的学习水平和行为可塑性以及评估新型捕食者风险的能力。在相同的风险升高条件下，袋鼠鼠能够收获更多的资源。然而，

更新日期：2020-04-23

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