Abstract

Gastropod mollusks have achieved an eminent importance as biological indicators of environmental quality. In the present study, we applied a multibiomarker approach to evaluate its applicability for the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, exposed to common industrial and agricultural pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations. The snails were exposed to copper (Cu²⁺, 10 µg L⁻¹), zinc (Zn²⁺, 130 µg L⁻¹), cadmium (Cd²⁺, 15 µg L⁻¹), or the thiocarbamate fungicide “Tattoo” (91 µg L⁻¹) during 14 days. Metal treatment and exposure to “Tattoo” caused variable patterns of increase or decrease of metal levels in the digestive gland, with a clear accumulation of only Cd and Zn after respective metal exposure. Treatment with Cu and “Tattoo” caused an increase of cytochrome P450-related EROD activity. Glutathione S-transferase was inhibited by exposure to Cu, Zn, and “Tattoo.” Treatment with the “Tattoo” led to an inhibition of cholinesterase activity, whereas Cu and Cd increased its activity. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced by up to 3.3 times in all treatments. A nearly uniform inhibitory effect for oxidative stress response parameters was observed in all kinds of exposure, revealing an inhibition of superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity, a depression of glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and of protein carbonyl levels. Pollutant-specific effects were observed for the catalase activity, superoxide anion production, and lipid peroxidation levels. Due to the high response sensitivity of Lymnaea stagnalis to chemical impacts, we suggest our study as a contribution for biomarker studies with this species under field conditions.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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在环境相关浓度下暴露于痕量金属和硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀真菌剂的池塘蜗牛阔叶树中的多种应力响应反应的初步研究。

摘要

腹足类软体动物作为环境质量的生物学指标已取得了举足轻重的地位。在本研究中，我们应用了多种生物标志物的方法来评估其对池塘螺Lymnaea stagnalis的适用性，该螺暴露于环境相关浓度的常见工业和农业污染物中。蜗牛暴露于铜（Cu 2 ⁺，10 µg L ^-1），锌（Zn 2 ⁺，130 µg L ^-1），镉（Cd 2 ⁺，15 µg L ^-1）或硫代氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂“纹身”中。 ”（91 µg L ^-1）在14天之内。金属处理和暴露于“纹身”中会导致消化腺中金属水平的升高或降低的变化模式，在相应的金属暴露后仅镉和锌的明显积累。铜和“纹身”处理导致细胞色素P450相关的EROD活性增加。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶受到铜，锌和“纹身”的抑制。用“纹身”处理可抑制胆碱酯酶活性，而铜和镉可增加其活性。在所有处理中，Caspase-3活性均提高了3.3倍。在所有暴露中均观察到对氧化应激反应参数的几乎一致的抑制作用，显示出对超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活性的抑制，谷胱甘肽（GSH和GSSG）的降低以及蛋白羰基水平的抑制。在过氧化氢酶活性，超氧阴离子产生和脂质过氧化水平方面观察到了污染物特异性作用。由于斜纹夜蛾对化学影响的高响应敏感性，我们建议我们的研究为该物种在田间条件下的生物标记研究做出贡献。

图形摘要