Abstract The concept of soil nutrient availability is still widely viewed within the framework of crop yield responses to fertilizer applications as the intermediary variable linking the rate of application of a single nutrient to the absorption of this nutrient by plants according to the pioneer work of Boussingault (1855), von Liebig (1855), and Mitscherlich (1924). For interpreting the huge variability of crop yield responses to increasing fertilizer applications, agronomists and soil scientists have focused on soil nutrient dynamics in order to estimate the quantity of each nutrient available for plant uptake. This linear approach considering “available nutrient in soil” as an external factor to which plants respond does not correspond to the reality for three main reasons: (i) the root absorption capacity is deeply feed-back controlled by the plant growth capacity itself and, therefore, does not depend univocally on soil nutrient availability; (ii) interactions among different nutrients in soils and plants imply that the availability of one nutrient for plants depends of the availability of others, requiring a more integrated approach; and (iii) the plant itself influences nutrient dynamic processes in soils through interactions with microbial communities in its rhizosphere. Consequently, soil nutrient availability cannot be only considered as a property of the external medium to which plants adapt, but also, and more importantly, as resulting of the functioning of the whole plant-soil-living organisms ecosystem. This review paper proposes an integrated and hypothesis-based vision of plant mineral nutrition based on several recent findings: (i) the corroboration and verification of hypotheses of regulation of plant nutrient uptake at the whole plant level by recent advances in the molecular physiology of plant nutrition, (ii) the physiological basis for interactions among different plant nutrients, and (iii) the increasing evidence of plant-soil interactions at the rhizosphere level.

中文翻译：

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根据作物和分子水平上植物营养的最新进展重新评估土壤养分有效性在养分管理中的核心作用

摘要 根据 Boussingault 的开创性工作，在作物产量对施肥反应的框架内，土壤养分有效性的概念仍然被广泛认为是将单一养分的施用率与植物对该养分的吸收联系起来的中间变量。 1855)、冯·李比希 (1855) 和 Mitscherlich (1924)。为了解释作物产量对增加施肥量的反应的巨大变化，农学家和土壤科学家专注于土壤养分动态，以估计可用于植物吸收的每种养分的数量。这种将“土壤中的有效养分”视为植物响应的外部因素的线性方法与现实不符，主要有以下三个原因：(i) 根系吸收能力受植物生长能力本身的深度反馈控制，因此不完全取决于土壤养分的有效性；(ii) 土壤和植物中不同养分之间的相互作用意味着植物对一种养分的可用性取决于其他养分的可用性，需要更综合的方法；(iii) 植物本身通过与其根际微生物群落的相互作用影响土壤中的养分动态过程。因此，土壤养分有效性不仅被视为植物适应的外部介质的特性，而且更重要的是，作为整个植物-土壤-生物生态系统功能的结果。