Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity.,Ecology Letters

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Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity.
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13504
Bailey C McMeans ₁ , Kevin S McCann ₂ , Matthew M Guzzo ₂ , Timothy J Bartley _{1,

2} , Carling Bieg ₂ , Paul J Blanchfield _{3,

4} , Timothy Fernandes ₁ , Henrique C Giacomini ₅ , Trevor Middel ₅ , Michael D Rennie _{4,

6} , Mark S Ridgway ₅ , Brian J Shuter _{5,

6,

7}

Affiliation

The ecological consequences of winter in freshwater systems are an understudied but rapidly emerging research area. Here, we argue that winter periods of reduced temperature and light (and potentially oxygen and resources) could play an underappreciated role in mediating the coexistence of species. This may be especially true for temperate and subarctic lakes, where seasonal changes in the thermal environment might fundamentally structure species interactions. With climate change already shortening ice-covered periods on temperate and polar lakes, consideration of how winter conditions shape biotic interactions is urgently needed. Using freshwater fishes in northern temperate lakes as a case study, we demonstrate how physiological trait differences (e.g. thermal preference, light sensitivity) drive differential behavioural responses to winter among competing species. Specifically, some species have a higher capacity for winter activity than others. Existing and new theory is presented to argue that such differential responses to winter can promote species coexistence. Importantly, if winter is a driver of niche differences that weaken competition between, relative to within species, then shrinking winter periods could threaten coexistence by tipping the scales in favour of certain sets of species over others.

中文翻译：

水中的冬天：不同的反应和生物多样性的维持。

淡水系统中冬季的生态后果是一个未被充分研究但正在迅速兴起的研究领域。在这里，我们认为冬季温度和光照（以及潜在的氧气和资源）减少可能会在介导物种共存中发挥不足的作用。对于温带和亚北极湖尤其如此，在这些湖中，热环境的季节性变化可能从根本上构成物种相互作用。随着气候变化已经缩短了温带和极地湖泊冰雪覆盖的时间，迫切需要考虑冬季条件如何影响生物相互作用。以北部温带湖泊的淡水鱼类为例，我们演示了生理特征差异（例如热偏好，光敏感度）驱动竞争物种对冬季的不同行为响应。具体而言，某些物种比其他物种具有更高的冬季活动能力。提出了现有的和新的理论来论证，这种对冬季的不同反应可以促进物种共存。重要的是，如果冬季是利基差异的驱动因素，相对于物种内部而言，它们之间的竞争减弱了，那么冬季的缩水可能会通过扩大规模来支持某些物种而非其他物种，从而威胁到共存。

更新日期：2020-04-07

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