The human gut microbiome has been classified into three distinct enterotypes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus). The relationship between probiotics and gut enterotype is not yet clear. Cayenne pepper is effective in vitro as a prebiotic for Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, so cayenne ingestion with probiotics may lead to more profound gut microbial shifts. We aimed to determine whether probiotics (with or without cayenne pepper) alter gut bacterial community composition and if these changes are associated with the original gut enterotype of the individual. A total of 27 adult participants provided three fecal samples: prior to probiotic treatment (baseline), post probiotic treatment (probiotic), and post probiotic plus cayenne pepper treatment (probiotic + cayenne). DNA was extracted, amplified, and the V4 region sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform using V2 chemistry. Sequence reads were processed in mothur and assigned using the SILVA reference by phylotype. Three enterotypes characterized the study population-Bacteroides (B; n = 6), Prevotella (P; n = 11), and Ruminoccocus (R; n = 10). There was no significant increase in probiotic genera in fecal samples after treatment periods. Alpha diversity scores were significantly lower in B-type but not in P- or R-type individuals after probiotic treatment. For the majority of individuals, their enterotype remained constant regardless of probiotic (and cayenne) treatment. This suggests that baseline gut community characteristics and enterotype classification influence responsiveness to probiotic treatment, but that enterotype is stable across administration of prebiotic and probiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A person's gut microbial community influences their responsiveness to probiotics and prebiotic ingredients. Consumers must understand that it is difficult to shift their gut microbiota even with simultaneous administration of prebiotic and probiotic. Greater understanding of these phenomena will enable consumers to choose the most efficacious products for their needs.

中文翻译：

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在双歧杆菌和乳杆菌益生菌补充期间肠道肠型是稳定的

人类肠道微生物群已分为三种不同的肠型（拟杆菌、普氏菌和瘤胃球菌）。益生菌与肠道肠型之间的关系尚不清楚。辣椒在体外作为双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的益生元是有效的，因此与益生菌一起摄入辣椒可能会导致更深刻的肠道微生物变化。我们旨在确定益生菌（有或没有辣椒）是否会改变肠道细菌群落组成，以及这些变化是否与个体的原始肠道肠型有关。总共 27 名成年参与者提供了三个粪便样本：益生菌治疗前（基线）、益生菌治疗后（益生菌）和益生菌加辣椒治疗后（益生菌 + 辣椒）。DNA被提取、扩增、和使用 V2 化学在 Illumina MiSeq 平台上测序的 V4 区域。序列读数在 mothur 中进行处理，并使用 SILVA 参考按系统发育型进行分配。三种肠型表征了研究群体——拟杆菌（B；n = 6）、普氏菌（P；n = 11）和瘤胃球菌（R；n = 10）。治疗期后粪便样品中的益生菌属没有显着增加。益生菌处理后，B 型个体的 Alpha 多样性得分显着降低，但在 P 或 R 型个体中则不然。对于大多数人来说，无论益生菌（和卡宴）治疗如何，他们的肠型都保持不变。这表明基线肠道群落特征和肠型分类影响对益生菌治疗的反应性，但肠型在服用益生元和益生菌后是稳定的。实际应用：一个人的肠道微生物群落影响他们对益生菌和益生元成分的反应。消费者必须明白，即使同时服用益生元和益生菌，也很难改变他们的肠道菌群。更好地了解这些现象将使消费者能够选择最有效的产品来满足他们的需求。