1. Local land‐use intensity and surrounding landscape complexity affect the diversity of local species. Ants are an important biocontrol agent of the coffee berry borer (CBB), the main coffee pest worldwide. Although intensification of coffee production and deforestation in the surrounding landscape may reduce ant diversity, α‐ and β‐diversity patterns of ants in coffee landscapes remain poorly understood.
2. Ants foraging in coffee bushes were sampled, using tuna baits along an agricultural intensification gradient (forest, shaded coffee and sun coffee) in a Neotropical coffee landscape. We evaluated the differences in α and β components of ant richness, community differentiation and habitat specificity of ant communities, in response to land‐use type and the percentage of surrounding forest.
3. We found that ant β‐diversity and community differentiation among plots were significantly reduced with coffee management intensity. The amount of forest border adjacent to coffee plantations did not affect α‐ or β‐diversity. Yet, ant habitat specificity in the forest increased with plots having greater amounts of forest border, although in sun coffee plantations, the opposite was found: plots with greater forest border decreased habitat specificity.
4. We found that conserving forest at landscape scales enhanced β‐diversity, community differentiation and habitat specificity of ants in the forest. Loss of forest cover at landscape scales (i.e. predominance of sun coffee) may lead to biotic homogenisation of ant communities. In conclusion, landscape‐wide ant richness is important in terms of biological CBB control by conservation.

中文翻译：

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在集约化咖啡种植园中，蚂蚁的β多样性降低，但α多样性没有降低

1. 当地的土地利用强度和周围的景观复杂性影响当地物种的多样性。蚂蚁是咖啡浆果蛀虫（CBB）的重要生物防治剂，CBB是全球主要的咖啡害虫。尽管周围景观中咖啡生产的加剧和森林砍伐可能会减少蚂蚁的多样性，但咖啡景观中蚂蚁的α和β多样性模式仍然知之甚少。
2. 在新热带咖啡景观中，使用金枪鱼饵沿农业集约化梯度（森林，阴影咖啡和太阳咖啡）取样在灌木丛中觅食的蚂蚁。根据土地利用类型和周围森林的百分比，我们评估了蚂蚁丰富度，群落分化和生境特异性的α和β成分的差异。
3. 我们发现，随着咖啡管理强度的增加，地块之间的蚂蚁β多样性和群落分化显着降低。与咖啡种植园相邻的森林边界数量不影响α或β多样性。然而，随着具有较大森林边界的地块，森林中的蚂蚁栖息地特异性增加，尽管在太阳咖啡种植园中却发现了相反的情况：具有较大森林边界的地块降低了栖息地特异性。
4. 我们发现，在景观尺度上养护森林可以增强森林中蚂蚁的β多样性，群落分化和生境特异性。景观尺度上森林覆盖率的下降（即主要是太阳咖啡）可能导致蚂蚁群落的生物同质化。综上所述，景观范围内的蚂蚁丰富度对于通过保护生物CBB而言很重要。