1. Motivated by recent global initiatives for biodiversity conservation and restoration, this article reviews the gaps in our understanding of, and the challenges facing, freshwater macroinvertebrate biodiversity and conservation in tropical regions.
2. This study revealed a lack of adequate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and ecological information for most macroinvertebrate groups, and consequently there are large‐scale knowledge gaps regarding the response of macroinvertebrate diversity to potential climate change and other human impacts in tropical regions.
3. We propose ideas to reduce the impact of key drivers of declines in macroinvertebrate biodiversity, including habitat degradation and loss, hydrological alteration, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, and the multiple impacts of climate change.
4. The review also provides recommendations to enhance conservation planning in these systems (as well as providing clear management plans at local, regional, and national levels), integrated catchment management, the formulation of regulatory measures, the understanding of the determinants of macroinvertebrate diversity across multiple scales and taxonomic groups, and the collaboration between researchers and conservation professionals.
5. It is suggested that the integrated use of macroinvertebrate biodiversity information in biomonitoring can improve ecosystem management. This goal can be facilitated in part by conservation psychology, marketing, and the use of the media and the Internet.

中文翻译：

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保护热带地区的淡水大型无脊椎动物生物多样性

1. 受近期全球生物多样性保护和恢复倡议的启发，本文回顾了我们对热带地区淡水大型无脊椎动物生物多样性和保护的理解方面的差距以及面临的挑战。
2. 这项研究表明，对于大多数大型无脊椎动物群体而言，缺乏足够的分类学，系统发育和生态学信息，因此，有关大型无脊椎动物多样性对潜在气候变化和热带地区其他人类影响的响应方面存在大量知识空白。
3. 我们提出了一些想法，以减少造成大型无脊椎动物生物多样性下降的主要因素的影响，这些因素包括栖息地退化和丧失，水文变化，过度开发，入侵物种，污染以及气候变化的多重影响。
4. 审查还提出了一些建议，以加强这些系统中的保护规划（以及在地方，区域和国家各级提供清晰的管理计划），综合性流域管理，制定监管措施，对跨物种的大型无脊椎动物多样性的决定因素的理解。规模和分类组，以及研究人员和保护专业人员之间的合作。
5. 建议在生物监测中综合利用无脊椎动物的生物多样性信息可以改善生态系统的管理。保护心理学，市场营销以及媒体和互联网的使用可以部分地促进这一目标的实现。