Bacillus subtilis releases a broad range of volatile secondary metabolites, which are considered as long- and short distance infochemical signals mediating inter- and intra-specific processes. In addition, they often show antimicrobial or antifungal activities. This review attempts to summarize yet known volatile secondary metabolites produced and emitted by Bacillus subtilis isolates focusing on the structural diversity and distribution patterns. Using in vitro volatile-collection systems, 26 strains of B. subtilis isolated from different habitats were found to produce in total 231 volatile secondary metabolites. These volatile secondary metabolites comprised mainly hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, ester, acids, aromatics, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Reviewed data revealed to a great extent isolate-specific emission patterns. The production and release of several volatile bioactive compounds was retained in isolates of the species B. subtilis, while volatiles without a described function seemed to be isolate-specifically produced. Detailed analysis, however, also indicated that the original data were strongly influenced by insufficient descriptions of the bacterial isolates, heterogeneous and poorly documented culture conditions as well as sampling techniques and inadequate compound identification. In order to get deeper insight into the nature, diversity, and ecological function of volatile secondary metabolites produced by B. subtilis, it will be necessary to follow well-documented workflows and fulfill state-of-the-art standards to unambiguously identify the volatile metabolites. Future research should consider the dynamic of a bacterial culture leading to differences in cell morphology and cell development. Single cell investigations could help to attribute certain volatile metabolites to defined cell forms and developmental stages.

中文翻译：

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整个枯草芽孢杆菌分离物中挥发性次生代谢产物的多样性和分布。

枯草芽孢杆菌释放大量的挥发性次级代谢产物，这些代谢产物被认为是介导特异性和特异性内过程的长距离和短距离信息化学信号。此外，它们经常表现出抗菌或抗真菌活性。这篇综述试图总结枯草芽孢杆菌分离物产生和释放的已知挥发性次生代谢产物，重点是结构的多样性和分布模式。使用体外挥发物收集系统，发现从不同栖息地分离出的26株枯草芽孢杆菌共产生231种挥发性次生代谢产物。这些挥发性次生代谢产物主要包括烃，酮，醇，醛，酯，酸，芳族化合物，含硫和氮的化合物。审查的数据在很大程度上揭示了特定菌株的排放模式。几种挥发性生物活性化合物的产生和释放被保留在枯草芽孢杆菌物种的分离物中，而没有所述功能的挥发物似乎是分离物特异性产生的。但是，详细分析还表明，原始数据受到细菌分离物描述不足，培养条件异质和文献记录不充分以及采样技术和化合物鉴定不足的强烈影响。为了更深入地了解枯草芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性次生代谢产物的性质，多样性和生态功能，有必要遵循文献充分的工作流程并符合最新标准，以明确识别挥发性物质。代谢产物。未来的研究应考虑细菌培养的动态性，从而导致细胞形态和细胞发育的差异。单细胞研究可能有助于将某些挥发性代谢物归因于确定的细胞形式和发育阶段。