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Characterization of cell responses in Rhodomonas baltica exposed to PMMA nanoplastics.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138547 Tânia Gomes 1 , Ana Catarina Almeida 1 , Anastasia Georgantzopoulou 1
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138547 Tânia Gomes 1 , Ana Catarina Almeida 1 , Anastasia Georgantzopoulou 1
Affiliation
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Due to their small size, nanoplastics (NPLs) possess specific properties which can potentiate their toxicity towards aquatic organisms. As primary producers, microalgae are at the base of aquatic food chains, thus negative impacts of NPLs will likely lead to disturbances in ecosystem productivity. The majority of data available on the toxicity of NPLs is limited to polystyrene and green microalgae, leaving a significant lack of knowledge on impacts of other polymer types across different taxonomic groups. So, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the cell responses of the red microalgae Rhodomonas baltica to plain and carboxylated poly(methyl methacrylate) NPLs (PMMA and PMMA-COOH, 50 nm). Results showed different NPL behaviour in media over time, with PMMA forming micro-scale aggregates and PMMA-COOH maintaining its nominal size range. PMMA caused a higher impact in cellular and physiological parameters than PMMA-COOH, even though a decrease in algal growth was only seen for the later. Overall, PMMA caused a significant decrease in cell viability followed by an increase in cell size and complexity, overproduction of pigments, loss of membrane integrity, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, increased production of ROS and LPO, decrease in DNA content and reduced photosynthetic capacity. Conversely, a decrease in algal growth for PMMA-COOH was connected to an impairment in cell cycle and consequent decrease in cell viability, metabolic activity and photosynthetic performance, with negligible effects in ROS formation and pigments content. This study provided a first insight into the mechanistic understanding of the toxic impacts of PMMA and PMMA-COOH NPLs in red microalgae. Results obtained suggest an interaction between both NPLs and R. baltica cell surface that is dependent on particle behaviour and surface chemistry. Future experiments focusing on the in-depth characterization of the mode of action of these particles are recommended.
中文翻译：
暴露于PMMA纳米塑料的波罗的红假单胞菌中细胞反应的表征。
由于纳米塑料（NPL）的体积小，它们具有特定的特性，可以增强其对水生生物的毒性。作为主要生产者，微藻类是水生食物链的基础，因此不良贷款的负面影响很可能导致生态系统生产力的紊乱。关于不良贷款的毒性的大多数可用数据仅限于聚苯乙烯和绿色微藻类，而对于不同类别的生物类别中其他聚合物类型的影响却缺乏足够的了解。因此，这项研究的主要目的是评估红色微藻波罗的红藻对普通和羧化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯NPL（PMMA和PMMA-COOH，50 nm）的细胞响应。结果显示，随着时间的推移，介质中的不良贷款行为不同，PMMA形成了微型聚集体，PMMA-COOH保持了其名义尺寸范围。PMMA对细胞和生理参数的影响比PMMA-COOH更大，尽管藻类生长的减少仅在以后出现。总体而言，PMMA导致细胞活力显着下降，随后细胞大小和复杂性增加，色素过量生产，膜完整性丧失，线粒体膜超极化，ROS和LPO产量增加，DNA含量降低和光合能力降低。相反，PMMA-COOH藻类生长的减少与细胞周期受损有关，从而导致细胞活力，代谢活性和光合性能下降，而对ROS形成和色素含量的影响可忽略不计。这项研究提供了对PMMA和PMMA-COOH NPL对红色微藻的毒性影响的机理理解的初步见解。获得的结果表明，不良贷款和波罗的海红细胞表面之间的相互作用取决于颗粒行为和表面化学性质。建议未来的实验着重于这些颗粒的作用方式的深入表征。
更新日期：2020-04-08
中文翻译：
暴露于PMMA纳米塑料的波罗的红假单胞菌中细胞反应的表征。
由于纳米塑料（NPL）的体积小，它们具有特定的特性，可以增强其对水生生物的毒性。作为主要生产者，微藻类是水生食物链的基础，因此不良贷款的负面影响很可能导致生态系统生产力的紊乱。关于不良贷款的毒性的大多数可用数据仅限于聚苯乙烯和绿色微藻类，而对于不同类别的生物类别中其他聚合物类型的影响却缺乏足够的了解。因此，这项研究的主要目的是评估红色微藻波罗的红藻对普通和羧化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯NPL（PMMA和PMMA-COOH，50 nm）的细胞响应。结果显示，随着时间的推移，介质中的不良贷款行为不同，PMMA形成了微型聚集体，PMMA-COOH保持了其名义尺寸范围。PMMA对细胞和生理参数的影响比PMMA-COOH更大，尽管藻类生长的减少仅在以后出现。总体而言，PMMA导致细胞活力显着下降，随后细胞大小和复杂性增加，色素过量生产，膜完整性丧失，线粒体膜超极化，ROS和LPO产量增加，DNA含量降低和光合能力降低。相反，PMMA-COOH藻类生长的减少与细胞周期受损有关，从而导致细胞活力，代谢活性和光合性能下降，而对ROS形成和色素含量的影响可忽略不计。这项研究提供了对PMMA和PMMA-COOH NPL对红色微藻的毒性影响的机理理解的初步见解。获得的结果表明，不良贷款和波罗的海红细胞表面之间的相互作用取决于颗粒行为和表面化学性质。建议未来的实验着重于这些颗粒的作用方式的深入表征。
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