Abstract Leakage from pipes is a major issue in both the oil and gas sectors, not only in environmental and economic terms, because of wasting important natural resources, but importantly from a safety perspective. Optical fibre technology offers the possibility of continuous acoustic monitoring of pipelines and remote detection of leaks. In this paper we present results from gas leak measurements made on a specially designed, buried pipeline test rig, for which leak energy radiated directly from the leak (orifice noise) dominates over energy radiated from the pipe wall. Measurements of the orifice noise are made using an optical fibre distributed acoustic sensing system as well as conventional geophones. Both the geophones and the optical fibres are shown to be able to detect the orifice noise, particularly when the fibres were located close to the pipeline. Fibre measurements are found to be limited by both high background noise and by gauge length, which limited the upper frequency limit for accurately determining the phase of the ground response. The measurements indicate that the orifice noise sets up Rayleigh waves in the ground, largely contained in frequencies below 100Hz, the magnitude of which are found to be compatible with predictions from idealised jet theory. The effect of fibre ducting and armouring is also evaluated.

中文翻译：

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使用光纤分布式声学传感进行天然气管道泄漏噪声测量

摘要 管道泄漏是石油和天然气行业的一个主要问题，不仅在环境和经济方面，因为浪费重要的自然资源，而且从安全角度来看也很重要。光纤技术提供了对管道进行连续声学监测和远程检测泄漏的可能性。在本文中，我们展示了在专门设计的埋地管道试验台上进行的气体泄漏测量的结果，在这种情况下，直接从泄漏处辐射的泄漏能量（孔板噪声）超过了从管壁辐射的能量。孔口噪声的测量使用光纤分布式声学传感系统以及传统的地震检波器进行。地震检波器和光纤都显示能够检测孔口噪声，特别是当光纤靠近管道时。发现光纤测量受到高背景噪声和标距长度的限制，这限制了准确确定地面响应相位的频率上限。测量结果表明，孔口噪声在地下形成了瑞利波，主要包含在低于 100Hz 的频率中，其幅度被发现与理想化喷射理论的预测相符。还评估了纤维管道和铠装的效果。主要包含在低于 100Hz 的频率中，其幅度被发现与理想化喷射理论的预测相符。还评估了纤维管道和铠装的效果。主要包含在低于 100Hz 的频率中，其幅度被发现与理想化喷射理论的预测相符。还评估了纤维管道和铠装的效果。